Question

石油文章翻译、求解、谢谢

Under high water cut conditions, oil is produced as an oil-in-
water dispersion. During production the oil droplets will decrease in
size: at the well bottom they are much larger than at the surface, which
has implications for the separation of the produced fluids. This paper
describes laboratory work on the break-up processes occurring in the
tubing and in the choke valve.
Experiments carried out with two model tubings yielded that the
maximum droplet size decreases with the volume flow rate and
increases with the viscosity of the dispersed phase, oil. The measured
maximum droplet size varied between about 100 and 500 m. In the
model choke valves, much smaller values for the maximum droplet
size were found, down to about 20 m. Also for the choke valve an
increasing volume flow led to a decreasing maximum droplet size. In
this case, however, the effect of the dispersed phase viscosity was
small. The experimental data are in reasonable agreement with
theories on the mechanism of droplet break-up.
An important conclusion is, that during oil production under high
water cut conditions, break-up of oil droplets will predominantly take
place in the choke valve.
As an oil reservoir matures, the water cut of the producing wells
generally increases. For reservoirs in the North Sea, water cuts of
approximately 90 % and higher are not uncommon. An increased
water cut will lead to increased efforts to handle the production fluids
and, evidently, to increased water amounts. For a production rate of,
say, 30,000 barrels per day (5.5•10-2 m3/s) and a water cut of 90 %,
4.3•103 m3 of water has to be disposed daily. The quality of the
disposed water has to meet stringent environmental requirements: the
monthly average of the oil contents of the disposed water must not
exceed 40 ppm. This low concentration together with the large
amounts of water make high demands upon the separation facilities.
In order to obtain a high separation efficiency, many parameters
have to be optimized (Davies et al.,1996). In general, at high water
cuts and high production rates, the oil water mixture will form an oil-
in-water dispersion. The stability of this dispersion depends among
other factors on the oil-droplet-size distribution of the mixture. For
droplet sizes of 60 m, separation cannot be achieved in settling tanks
anymore, while the efficiency of plate separators decreases rapidly for
droplets smaller than 30 m.

Answer 1

高含水条件下，石油是生产作为包油
水分散。在生产过程中的油滴将减少
大小：在井底它们比在表面较大，这
先后为出液分离的影响。本文
描述了解体过程中发生的实验室工作
油管和节流阀。
实验进行了两种模型产生的油管
最大液滴的体积流量的大小减小，
与分散相的粘度增加，油。实测
之间变化最大粒径约100米和500在
模型的最大瓶颈滴阀，更小的值
大小被发现，下降到约20米还为节流阀一
增加流量减少导致了最大液滴的尺寸。在
这种情况下，然而，该效果分散相的粘度
小。实验数据是合理的协议，
关于机制的理论液滴破裂。
一个重要的结论是，在高，在石油生产
含水条件下，破裂的油滴将主要采取
放置在节流阀。
作为油藏的成熟，生产井的含水
普遍增加。对于北海水库，剪了
约90％及以上的并不少见。增加
含水率会导致更多的努力来处理生产液体
和，显然，以增加水的量。对于生产率，
也就是说，平均每天30000桶（5.5•10-2立方米/秒）和90％的削减水，
4.3•103立方米的水每天要处理。对质量
处理水，以满足严格的环保要求：
对已出售的水油含量平均每月不得
超过40 ppm的。这种低浓度以及与大
使水分的隔离设施后，高要求。
为了获得较高的分离效率，许多参数
要优化（戴维斯等人。，1996）。一般来说，在高水
削减和高生产速率，油水混合物将形成以石油
在水分散性。这种分散的稳定取决于各
对混合油雾滴尺寸分布的其他因素。对于
60米液滴大小，分离，就不可能实现在沉淀池
了，而板块的分离效率迅速下降
小水滴超过30米 。
推荐你用谷歌在线翻译 很快的 不错