雅安地震的英语作文素材：学生应该知道的地震知识
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Earthquake (earthquake) also known as the earthquake, ground vibration, vibration caused by the crust is the rapid release of energy in the process, a kind of natural phenomenon during the seismic waves can be generated. Earthquakes occur around the world each year about five million five hundred thousand times. Earthquake often caused serious casualties, can cause fires, floods, toxic gas leakage, bacteria and the spread of radioactive material, may also cause secondary disaster of tsunami, landslide, collapse, ground crack.
地震分布可分为时间和地理两方面分布
The distribution of earthquakes can be divided into two aspects of time and geographical distribution
时间分布
Time distribution
地震活动在时间上具有一定的周期性。表现为在一定时间段内地震活动频繁，强度大，称为地震活跃期;而另一时间段内地震活动相对来讲频率少，强度小，称为地震平静期。
Seismic activity has certain periodicity in time. Performance for the frequent seismic activity, in a certain period of time intensity, called seismic active period; and another time period seismic activity is relatively less frequency, intensity, called seismic quiescence.
地理分布
Geographic distribution
地理分布——地震带
Geographic distribution -- seismic belt
地震的地理分布受一定的地质条件控制，具有一定的规律。板块之间的消亡边界，形成地震活动活跃的地震带。全世界主要有三个地震带：一是环太平洋地震带，环绕地球中的太平洋板块，包括南、北美洲太平洋沿岸，阿留申群岛、堪察加半岛，千岛群岛、日本列岛，经台湾再到菲律宾转向东南直至新西兰，是地球上地震最活跃的地区，集中了全世界80%以上的地震，5大地震，4次在这。本带是在太平洋板块和美洲板块、亚欧板块、印度洋板块的消亡边界，南极洲板块和美洲板块的消亡边界上。
The geographic distribution of earthquakes is under the control of certain geological conditions, has certain regularity. The subduction boundary between plates, forming active seismic zone, seismic activity. The whole world has three main seismic belts: one is the Pacific seismic belt, surround the Pacific plate in the earth, including the south, the North American Pacific coast, the Aleutian Islands, Kamchatka Peninsula, the Kuril Islands, Japan islands, via Taiwan to Philippines to the southeast until the New Zealand, is one of the most active earthquake area, concentrated more than 80% earthquakes worldwide, 5 earthquake, 4 times in this. This zone in the Pacific plate and the American plate, Eurasian plate, India plate and the subduction boundary, boundary of the Antarctic plate and the American plate die.
二是欧亚地震带，大致从印度尼西亚西部，缅甸经中国横断山脉，喜马拉雅山脉，越过帕米尔高原，经中亚细亚到达地中海及其沿岸。本带是在亚欧板块和非洲板块、印度洋板块的消亡边界上。
Two is the Eurasian seismic belt, roughly from West Indonesia, Burma through the Hengduan Mountains, China Himalaya mountains, crossed the Pamirs, the Central Asia to the Mediterranean Sea and the coast. The band at the boundary of Eurasia and Africa plate, India plate and disappearing.
三是中洋脊地震带，包含延绵世界三大洋(即太平洋、大西洋和印度洋)和北极海的中洋脊。中洋脊地震带仅含全球约5﹪的地震，此地震带的地震几乎都是浅层地震。
Three is the mid-ocean ridge seismic belt, contains three of the world's oceans stretches (i.e., the Atlantic Pacific and India ocean and the Arctic Ocean ridge). Seismic mid-ocean ridge seismic zone containing only about 5 ﹪ earthquake belt, here almost all earthquakes is shallow earthquakes.
中国地震主要分布在五个区域：台湾地区、西南地区、西北地区、华北地区、东南沿海地区。
China earthquake are mainly distributed in five regions: Taiwan, southwest, northwest, North China region, the southeast coastal areas.
地震震级
Earthquake magnitude
地震震级是根据地震时释放的能量的大小而定的。一次地震释放的能量越多，地震级别越大。人类有记录的震级的地震是1960年5月21日智利发生的9.5级地震，所释放的能量相当于一颗1800万吨炸药量的氢弹，或相当于100万千瓦的发电厂40年的发电量。汶川地震所释放的能量大约相当于90万吨炸药量的氢弹，或100万千瓦的发电厂2年的发电量。
The earthquake magnitude is determined according to the seismic energy released by the size of the. An earthquake release more energy, more earthquake level. The largest earthquake magnitude human record is May 21, 1960 Chile earthquake occurred in 9.5, the hydrogen bomb release energy equivalent to a 18000000 tons of explosive charge, or the equivalent of 1000000 kilowatts of power plant generating capacity of 40 years. Hydrogen released by Wenchuan seismic energy equivalent to about 900000 tons of explosive charge, generating capacity of 2 years or 1000000 kilowatts of power plant.
国际上一般采用美国地震学家查尔斯·弗朗西斯·芮希特和宾诺·古腾堡(Beno Gutenberg)于1935年共同提出的震级划分法，即通常所说的里氏地震规模。里氏规模是地震波振幅以10为底的对数，并选择距震中100千米的距离为标准。里氏规模每增强一级，释放的能量约增加32倍，相隔二级的震级其能量相差1000 (~ 32 × 32)倍。
International general use the United States seismologist Charles Francis Richter and beno Gutenberg (Beno Gutenberg) magnitude division method proposed in 1935, commonly known as the Richter scale. The Richter scale earthquake wave is the maximum amplitude of the base 10 logarithm, and select 100 kilometres from the epicentre distance as the standard. The Richter scale increases by one level, the release of energy increased by about 32 times, two of the magnitude of the energy difference of 1000 separated (~ 32 × 32) times.
小于里氏2.5级的地震，人一般不易察觉，称为小震或微震;里氏2.5-5.0的地震，震中附近的人会有不同程度的感觉，称为有感地震，全世界每年大约发生十几万次;大于里氏规模5.0的地震，会造成建筑物不同程度的损坏，称为破坏性地震。里氏规模4.5以上的地震可以在全球范围内监测到。有记录以来，历的地震是发生在1960年5月22日19时11分南美洲的智利，根据美国地质调查所，里氏规模竟达9.5。
Less than a magnitude 2.5 earthquake, generally difficult to detect, known as the small earthquake or tremor; 2.5-5.0 earthquake magnitude, epicenter near the people will have different feeling, called felt earthquake, around the world each year hundreds of thousands of times greater than about; earthquake measuring 5 on the Richter scale, will cause damage to buildings in different degree, known as the devastating earthquake. The earthquake measuring 4.5 on the Richter scale above can be globally monitor. Since records began, the largest in the history of the earthquake occurred at nineteen eleven on May 22, 1960 Chile of South America, according to the United States Geological Survey, up to 9.5 on the Richter scale.
地震分布可分为时间和地理两方面分布
The distribution of earthquakes can be divided into two aspects of time and geographical distribution
时间分布
Time distribution
地震活动在时间上具有一定的周期性。表现为在一定时间段内地震活动频繁，强度大，称为地震活跃期;而另一时间段内地震活动相对来讲频率少，强度小，称为地震平静期。
Seismic activity has certain periodicity in time. Performance for the frequent seismic activity, in a certain period of time intensity, called seismic active period; and another time period seismic activity is relatively less frequency, intensity, called seismic quiescence.
地理分布
Geographic distribution
地理分布——地震带
Geographic distribution -- seismic belt
地震的地理分布受一定的地质条件控制，具有一定的规律。板块之间的消亡边界，形成地震活动活跃的地震带。全世界主要有三个地震带：一是环太平洋地震带，环绕地球中的太平洋板块，包括南、北美洲太平洋沿岸，阿留申群岛、堪察加半岛，千岛群岛、日本列岛，经台湾再到菲律宾转向东南直至新西兰，是地球上地震最活跃的地区，集中了全世界80%以上的地震，5大地震，4次在这。本带是在太平洋板块和美洲板块、亚欧板块、印度洋板块的消亡边界，南极洲板块和美洲板块的消亡边界上。
The geographic distribution of earthquakes is under the control of certain geological conditions, has certain regularity. The subduction boundary between plates, forming active seismic zone, seismic activity. The whole world has three main seismic belts: one is the Pacific seismic belt, surround the Pacific plate in the earth, including the south, the North American Pacific coast, the Aleutian Islands, Kamchatka Peninsula, the Kuril Islands, Japan islands, via Taiwan to Philippines to the southeast until the New Zealand, is one of the most active earthquake area, concentrated more than 80% earthquakes worldwide, 5 earthquake, 4 times in this. This zone in the Pacific plate and the American plate, Eurasian plate, India plate and the subduction boundary, boundary of the Antarctic plate and the American plate die.
二是欧亚地震带，大致从印度尼西亚西部，缅甸经中国横断山脉，喜马拉雅山脉，越过帕米尔高原，经中亚细亚到达地中海及其沿岸。本带是在亚欧板块和非洲板块、印度洋板块的消亡边界上。
Two is the Eurasian seismic belt, roughly from West Indonesia, Burma through the Hengduan Mountains, China Himalaya mountains, crossed the Pamirs, the Central Asia to the Mediterranean Sea and the coast. The band at the boundary of Eurasia and Africa plate, India plate and disappearing.
三是中洋脊地震带，包含延绵世界三大洋(即太平洋、大西洋和印度洋)和北极海的中洋脊。中洋脊地震带仅含全球约5﹪的地震，此地震带的地震几乎都是浅层地震。
Three is the mid-ocean ridge seismic belt, contains three of the world's oceans stretches (i.e., the Atlantic Pacific and India ocean and the Arctic Ocean ridge). Seismic mid-ocean ridge seismic zone containing only about 5 ﹪ earthquake belt, here almost all earthquakes is shallow earthquakes.
中国地震主要分布在五个区域：台湾地区、西南地区、西北地区、华北地区、东南沿海地区。
China earthquake are mainly distributed in five regions: Taiwan, southwest, northwest, North China region, the southeast coastal areas.
地震震级
Earthquake magnitude
地震震级是根据地震时释放的能量的大小而定的。一次地震释放的能量越多，地震级别越大。人类有记录的震级的地震是1960年5月21日智利发生的9.5级地震，所释放的能量相当于一颗1800万吨炸药量的氢弹，或相当于100万千瓦的发电厂40年的发电量。汶川地震所释放的能量大约相当于90万吨炸药量的氢弹，或100万千瓦的发电厂2年的发电量。
The earthquake magnitude is determined according to the seismic energy released by the size of the. An earthquake release more energy, more earthquake level. The largest earthquake magnitude human record is May 21, 1960 Chile earthquake occurred in 9.5, the hydrogen bomb release energy equivalent to a 18000000 tons of explosive charge, or the equivalent of 1000000 kilowatts of power plant generating capacity of 40 years. Hydrogen released by Wenchuan seismic energy equivalent to about 900000 tons of explosive charge, generating capacity of 2 years or 1000000 kilowatts of power plant.
国际上一般采用美国地震学家查尔斯·弗朗西斯·芮希特和宾诺·古腾堡(Beno Gutenberg)于1935年共同提出的震级划分法，即通常所说的里氏地震规模。里氏规模是地震波振幅以10为底的对数，并选择距震中100千米的距离为标准。里氏规模每增强一级，释放的能量约增加32倍，相隔二级的震级其能量相差1000 (~ 32 × 32)倍。
International general use the United States seismologist Charles Francis Richter and beno Gutenberg (Beno Gutenberg) magnitude division method proposed in 1935, commonly known as the Richter scale. The Richter scale earthquake wave is the maximum amplitude of the base 10 logarithm, and select 100 kilometres from the epicentre distance as the standard. The Richter scale increases by one level, the release of energy increased by about 32 times, two of the magnitude of the energy difference of 1000 separated (~ 32 × 32) times.
小于里氏2.5级的地震，人一般不易察觉，称为小震或微震;里氏2.5-5.0的地震，震中附近的人会有不同程度的感觉，称为有感地震，全世界每年大约发生十几万次;大于里氏规模5.0的地震，会造成建筑物不同程度的损坏，称为破坏性地震。里氏规模4.5以上的地震可以在全球范围内监测到。有记录以来，历的地震是发生在1960年5月22日19时11分南美洲的智利，根据美国地质调查所，里氏规模竟达9.5。
Less than a magnitude 2.5 earthquake, generally difficult to detect, known as the small earthquake or tremor; 2.5-5.0 earthquake magnitude, epicenter near the people will have different feeling, called felt earthquake, around the world each year hundreds of thousands of times greater than about; earthquake measuring 5 on the Richter scale, will cause damage to buildings in different degree, known as the devastating earthquake. The earthquake measuring 4.5 on the Richter scale above can be globally monitor. Since records began, the largest in the history of the earthquake occurred at nineteen eleven on May 22, 1960 Chile of South America, according to the United States Geological Survey, up to 9.5 on the Richter scale.
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