Question

谁帮忙翻译一下，不要机器翻译

B. Information communications is important prerequisite and basic security of crisis management
Information communication among individuals, groups and government has an important bearing on the form and effectiveness of crisis management instruments and on government’s capacity to achieve more equality in crisis management. Only when the government fully grasps information of the crisis can make the appropriate and effective response measures according to the situation of the crisis. Timely and accurate communication of information is beneficial to the government to propose the efficient solution to the crisis. A comprehensive crisis involves a number of departments. And good communication helps to orderly integrate departments and agencies of different levels and functions to ensure effective coordination between the operations of the government's crisis decision-making.
Timely disclosure of crisis information contributes greatly to increase openness and transparency of government affairs, supervise government’s action, advance government’s performance and improve government’s appearance. Otherwise, when the information is monopolized and closed, it’s prone to breed black-box operation and corruption. Communication within the government before the crisis is helpful to accurately analyze the incubation period of intelligence, to provide data for the probability and negative effects of a crisis. A sensitive warning system for the crisis can make quick and accurate handling of the crisis incident.
C. Traditional information communication mechanism of governmental crisis management and its malpractice
Traditionally, the interaction between a citizen or business and a government agency took place in a government office, and information communication relied mainly on paper. And this method was inefficient and poor at timeliness, which tended to miss the best time to make decision. Such a backward method of information delivery stuck to the official form of information, its source of information is single and lacks effective information.
The frame of Government’s work model was Pyramid-like hierarchical structure, which made the information communication between the different levels and functions of government department extremely difficult. There was only one way of information transmission, top-down approach, all information was used to from the top to the lower layers of transmission.
The top-down approach facilitated integration of information. However, developing a national strategy, which the approach emphasized, often took years of bickering and the technology decisions tended to be poor. Under the circumstances, distribution was slow and lacks feedback. At the same time, the lack of an effective communication made the coordination and interaction between different sectors very difficult.

Answer 1

B.信息通信是重要的前提和基本安全的危机管理
个人、 团体和政府之间的信息交流具有重要意义的窗体和危机管理手段的有效性和实现更多的平等，在危机管理中政府的能力。政府完全掌握了这场危机的信息时，才可以作出适当和有效的应对措施，要根据危机的情况。信息的及时、 准确地沟通有利于政府提出解决危机的有效办法。全面的危机涉及多个部门。良好的沟通有助于有序集成的部门和机构的不同级别和功能，以确保政府危机决策的操作之间的有效协调。
危机信息及时披露大大有助于增加公开性和透明度的政府事务、 监督政府的行动、 推动政府的表现和改善政府的外观。否则，当垄断的信息并将其关闭，它容易滋生黑箱作业，腐败。在危机爆发前，政府内部的通信将有助于准确分析潜伏期的情报，以提供数据的概率和危机的负面影响。敏感的危机预警系统可以快速、 准确的危机事件的处理。
C.传统的信息沟通机制及其弊端与政府危机管理
传统上，政府办事处，在发生公民或商业和政府机构之间的相互作用和信息通信主要依靠纸。而这种方法效率低下和穷人在及时性，其中往往被忽略的最佳时间作出决定。这种落后的方法坚守正式表格的信息，其信息的源的信息传递的是单和缺乏有效的信息。
政府工作模式的框架是金字塔的层次结构，使政府部门的职能与不同级别之间的信息沟通非常困难。有的信息的传输、 自上而下的方法只有一种方式，所有信息都用来从上到较低层的传输。
自顶向下方法促进信息的集成。然而，制定一项国家战略，其中的方法，强调，往往花了多年的争吵和技术决策往往是穷人。分布的情况下，变得缓慢，并且缺乏反馈。同时，缺乏有效的沟通作出协调和非常困难的不同部门之间的相互作用。

Answer 2

信息通讯是应对危机（危机管理）的重要先决条件和基本保障，
私人，团体和政府之间的通讯联系对处置危机采取的方式，取得的效果，以及政府能否以和平方式处置危机等都是至关重要的，只有政府随时准确掌握危机信息，才能根据形势及时采取有效，恰当的应对措施，应对综合性的危机，涉及到多个部门，高效，及时的通讯联系有助于各级的职能部门协调一致确保政府应对危机的决策得到执行，及时公开危机信息有助于提高政府执政的公开，透明度，监督政府行为，提高运作水平，改变政府形象，