急求英语高手!谁能帮忙翻译以下英语文章(不要在线翻的啊) 20
Underthe“price-scissor”systemthecentralgovernmentdepressedthepriceofagriculturalgoods...
Under the “price-scissor” system the central government depressed the price of agricultural goods, driving peasants into industrial employment and forcing agriculture to subsidize industry. In this context Stalin outlawed in 1938 rural industry run by the collective farms into which he had violently driven the peasantry after the food procurements crisis of 1927-1928. He correctly identified in rural industry a route by which peasants might evade the price scissor. Yet rural industry, so relentlessly banished from the Soviet Union, was to become a centerpiece of the Chinese development strategy. As early as 1958 Mao insisted that “peoples’ communes must run rural industry.” After the failure of the Great Leap Forward in 1961 Liu Shao-qi outlawed rural industry run by agricultural communes. However, with Mao's advocacy of agricultural mechanization in 1970, many such commune-operated rural industries reemerged.The recent development of the "stockholding-cooperative" system in rural enterprises suggests the beginnings of a more flexible style of cooperation between scientific research institutions and rural and urban industries.
Each of the starting points for an alternative development strategy enumerated earlier--the generalization to the entire economy of the alliance between the government and the family farm; the regime of cooperative competition within and among firms; the experimentalist decentralization of an East-Asian tiger style partnership between government and private producers; and the linkage between vanguard and rearguard--can find material to work with in present Chinese experience.
If this material is worked into a coherent development strategy it will enable the Chinese to escape the late-fordist niche in the world economy and save it from sinking into the marsh of static comparative advantage in factor endowments. Were China to listen to the advice of the conservative-liberal Western economists, the multilateral economic organizations like the IMF and the World Bank, and the Western powers, it would simply try to make the best of its present advantages and disabilities: cheap labor on an enormous scale combined with large stocks of certain natural resources. Consequently, it would allow a substantial portion of its labor force to be drawn into traditional, low-skill fordist mass production for export as well as for internal consumption, while most of the rest of the people continued to produce the food needed to feed the country. Thus, China would patiently assume the role in which
economic orthodoxy offers to cast the front-line developing economies: that of establishing the relatively low wage and technologically regressive fordism from which the more advanced economies are now trying to rid themselves. 展开
Each of the starting points for an alternative development strategy enumerated earlier--the generalization to the entire economy of the alliance between the government and the family farm; the regime of cooperative competition within and among firms; the experimentalist decentralization of an East-Asian tiger style partnership between government and private producers; and the linkage between vanguard and rearguard--can find material to work with in present Chinese experience.
If this material is worked into a coherent development strategy it will enable the Chinese to escape the late-fordist niche in the world economy and save it from sinking into the marsh of static comparative advantage in factor endowments. Were China to listen to the advice of the conservative-liberal Western economists, the multilateral economic organizations like the IMF and the World Bank, and the Western powers, it would simply try to make the best of its present advantages and disabilities: cheap labor on an enormous scale combined with large stocks of certain natural resources. Consequently, it would allow a substantial portion of its labor force to be drawn into traditional, low-skill fordist mass production for export as well as for internal consumption, while most of the rest of the people continued to produce the food needed to feed the country. Thus, China would patiently assume the role in which
economic orthodoxy offers to cast the front-line developing economies: that of establishing the relatively low wage and technologically regressive fordism from which the more advanced economies are now trying to rid themselves. 展开
2个回答
2011-05-03
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“price-scissor”系统下中央政府沮丧的农产品价格、驾驶农民进入产业就业,迫使农业补贴的行业。在此背景下,斯大林宣布在1938年农村产业运作由集体农场自己已经猛烈地驱动农民的食物危机后的1927-1928回收。他正确地识别出在农村产业一个途经农民可能回避价格剪下来。然而农村产业结构,所以毫不留情地放逐了从苏联,成为一个中国发展战略的核心。早在1958年毛泽东坚持“人民公社”必须要跑农村产业。”失败后,“大跃进”摘要刘少奇法制非法1961年公社由农业农村工业运行。然而,毛泽东倡导农业机械化在1970年,许多这样的commune-operated农村工业又现身了。最近研发的“stockholding-cooperative”系统,以乡镇企业提出了更为灵活的方式开始合作的科学研究机构和农村和城市工业。
每个要点的另一种选择发展战略——早些时候,列举的概括整个经济之间的联盟政府和家庭农场,这个政权的合作竞争,在公司内的;实验人员分散东亚虎风格的政府和私人生产者之间的合作;间的联系和后卫——能找到先锋资料一起工作,在目前的中国经验。
这种材料的结构和工作原理,它成一个一致的发展战略将使中国来逃脱达哈卡在世界经济中站稳late-fordist救它不致陷入沼泽的静态比较优势在要素禀赋。分别是中国听别人的忠告的西方经济学家,conservative-liberal多边经济组织像世界货币基金组织和世界银行,和西方列强,它只会设法充分利用其现有的优势和障碍:廉价劳动力的巨大规模结合大型股票一定的自然资源。因此,它将允许一大块的劳动力会卷入传统,只有高科技电子fordist大规模生产供出口,以及对国内消费,而其余大部分人需要继续制造食物喂自己的国家。因此,中国将在耐心地承担的角色
经济正统提供了施展前线的发展中国家的建立:相对较低的工资和科技的回归fordism更发达经济体正试图使自己摆脱。
每个要点的另一种选择发展战略——早些时候,列举的概括整个经济之间的联盟政府和家庭农场,这个政权的合作竞争,在公司内的;实验人员分散东亚虎风格的政府和私人生产者之间的合作;间的联系和后卫——能找到先锋资料一起工作,在目前的中国经验。
这种材料的结构和工作原理,它成一个一致的发展战略将使中国来逃脱达哈卡在世界经济中站稳late-fordist救它不致陷入沼泽的静态比较优势在要素禀赋。分别是中国听别人的忠告的西方经济学家,conservative-liberal多边经济组织像世界货币基金组织和世界银行,和西方列强,它只会设法充分利用其现有的优势和障碍:廉价劳动力的巨大规模结合大型股票一定的自然资源。因此,它将允许一大块的劳动力会卷入传统,只有高科技电子fordist大规模生产供出口,以及对国内消费,而其余大部分人需要继续制造食物喂自己的国家。因此,中国将在耐心地承担的角色
经济正统提供了施展前线的发展中国家的建立:相对较低的工资和科技的回归fordism更发达经济体正试图使自己摆脱。
展开全部
“price-scissor”系统下中央政府沮丧的农产品价格、驾驶农民进入产业就业,迫使农业补贴的行业。在此背景下,斯大林宣布在1938年农村产业运作由集体农场自己已经猛烈地驱动农民的食物危机后的1927-1928回收。他正确地识别出在农村产业一个途经农民可能回避价格剪下来。然而农村产业结构,所以毫不留情地放逐了从苏联,成为一个中国发展战略的核心。早在1958年毛泽东坚持“人民公社”必须要跑农村产业。”失败后,“大跃进”摘要刘少奇法制非法1961年公社由农业农村工业运行。然而,毛泽东倡导农业机械化在1970年,许多这样的commune-operated农村工业又现身了。最近研发的“stockholding-cooperative”系统,以乡镇企业提出了更为灵活的方式开始合作的科学研究机构和农村和城市工业。
每个要点的另一种选择发展战略——早些时候,列举的概括整个经济之间的联盟政府和家庭农场,这个政权的合作竞争,在公司内的;实验人员分散东亚虎风格的政府和私人生产者之间的合作;间的联系和后卫——能找到先锋资料一起工作,在目前的中国经验。
这种材料的结构和工作原理,它成一个一致的发展战略将使中国来逃脱达哈卡在世界经济中站稳late-fordist救它不致陷入沼泽的静态比较优势在要素禀赋。分别是中国听别人的忠告的西方经济学家,conservative-liberal多边经济组织像吗
每个要点的另一种选择发展战略——早些时候,列举的概括整个经济之间的联盟政府和家庭农场,这个政权的合作竞争,在公司内的;实验人员分散东亚虎风格的政府和私人生产者之间的合作;间的联系和后卫——能找到先锋资料一起工作,在目前的中国经验。
这种材料的结构和工作原理,它成一个一致的发展战略将使中国来逃脱达哈卡在世界经济中站稳late-fordist救它不致陷入沼泽的静态比较优势在要素禀赋。分别是中国听别人的忠告的西方经济学家,conservative-liberal多边经济组织像吗
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