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4.RESULTSANDDISCUSSIONSixseparatesign-test(across4optionalroutines)inIndividualAll-Ar...
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Six separate sign-test (across 4 optional routines) in Individual All-Around Qualifications (Tables 1-2) were computed to determine the tenability of null hypotheses involving the proportion of positive and negative differences for comparisons made in this study. A significant deviation from the null hypothesis would support the presence of biased scoring.
For each of the test it was assumed the number of positive differences would equal the number of negative differences. The results of the sign tests analysis (Table 1) in the Panel A-2 (Artistic Value) reveal that international rhythmic judges were biased in their scoring of gymnasts. The judges' over-scored rhythmic gymnasts from their own countries in 7 of 13 cases (53.8%), but t-test of differences are not statistically significant on the conventional level (p = 0.05). The analysis in which comparisons were made between the individual scores of rhythmic judges versus Panel A-2 (Artistic Value) when the
judges scored rhythmic gymnasts from countries ranking just above their own (5 of 13 cases, 38.4%) and from the countries that were just below their own (4 of 13 cases, 30.7%) in the Individual All-Around Qualifications, does not confirm this pattern of bias on the significant level.
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Six separate sign-test (across 4 optional routines) in Individual All-Around Qualifications (Tables 1-2) were computed to determine the tenability of null hypotheses involving the proportion of positive and negative differences for comparisons made in this study. A significant deviation from the null hypothesis would support the presence of biased scoring.
For each of the test it was assumed the number of positive differences would equal the number of negative differences. The results of the sign tests analysis (Table 1) in the Panel A-2 (Artistic Value) reveal that international rhythmic judges were biased in their scoring of gymnasts. The judges' over-scored rhythmic gymnasts from their own countries in 7 of 13 cases (53.8%), but t-test of differences are not statistically significant on the conventional level (p = 0.05). The analysis in which comparisons were made between the individual scores of rhythmic judges versus Panel A-2 (Artistic Value) when the
judges scored rhythmic gymnasts from countries ranking just above their own (5 of 13 cases, 38.4%) and from the countries that were just below their own (4 of 13 cases, 30.7%) in the Individual All-Around Qualifications, does not confirm this pattern of bias on the significant level.
大家帮帮忙啊!我可以多给你们分的那 展开
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4. 结果与讨论六个独立的符号试验(横跨4择套路)在个别全方位的资格(表1-2)计算确定 该tenability无效假说,涉及的比例,积极和消极的差异比较,在这项研究. 重大偏离零假设会支持存在偏颇划伤. 每个测试它承担了一些积极的分歧将同等数量的负的分歧. 结果标志测试分析(见表1)在A组-2(艺术价值)透露,国际体操法官 有51%的得分选手. 法官的超额得分艺术体操运动员从自己国家的713例(占53.8%), 但t检验差异不显着在传统的水平(P=0.05). 分析中进行了比较个人得分节奏法官与A组-2(艺术价值) 法官所取得的艺术体操运动员,从国家的排名仅高于自己(513例, 38.4%),由国家中仅低于自己(413例, 30.7%)在个人全方位资历,不证实这一格局偏见的显着水平.
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