Question

帮我翻译一下，把这篇文章翻译成英文

电子商务的内涵
电子商务（e-business,e-comerce,e-trade）从英文的字面意思上看就是利用现在先进的电子技术从事各种商业活动的方式。电子商务的实质应该是一套完整的网络商务经营及管理信息系统。再具体一点，它是利用现有的计算机硬件设备、软件和网络基础设施，通过一定的协议连接起来的电子网络环境进行各种各样商务活动的方式。这是一个比较严格的定义，说得通俗一点，电子商务一般就是指利用国际互联网进行商务活动的一种方式，例如：网上营销、网上客户服务、以及网上做广告、网上调查等。
Internet上的电子商务可以分为三个方面：信息服务、交易和支付。主要内容包括：电子商情广告；电子选购和交易、电子交易凭证的交换；电子支付与结算以及售后的网上服务等。主要交易类型有企业与个人的交易(B to C方式)和企业之间的交易(B to B方式)两种。参与电子商务的实体有四类：顾客(个人消费者或企业集团)、商户(包括销售商、制造商、储运商)、银行(包括发卡行、收单行)及认证中心。
电子商务是Internet爆炸式发展的直接产物，是网络技术应用的全新发展方向。Internet本身所具有的开放性、全球性、低成本、高效率的特点，也成为电子商务的内在特征，并使得电子商务大大超越了作为一种新的贸易形式所具有的价值，它不仅会改变企业本身的生产、经营、管理活动，而且将影响到整个社会的经济运行与结构。
1．电子商务将传统的商务流程电子化、数字化，一方面以电子流代替了实物流，可以大量减少人力、物力，降低了成本；另一方面突破了时间和空间的限制，使得交易活动可以在任何时间、任何地点进行，从而大大提高了效率。
2．电子商务所具有的开放性和全球性的特点，为企业创造了更多的贸易机会。
3．电子商务使企业可以以相近的成本进入全球电子化市场，使得中小企业有可能拥有和大企业一样的信息资源，提高了中小企业的竞争能力。
4．电子商务重新定义了传统的流通模式，减少了中间环节，使得生产者和消费者的直接交易成为可能，从而在一定程度上改变了整个社会经济运行的方式。
5．电子商务一方面破除了时空的壁垒，另一方面又提供了丰富的信息资源，为各种社会经济要素的重新组合提供了更多的可能，这将影响到社会的经济布局和结构。
电子商务指的是利用简单、快捷、低成本的电子通讯方式，买卖双方不谋面地进行各种商贸活动。
电子商务可以通过多种电子通讯方式来完成。简单的，比如你通过打电话或发传真的方式来与客户进行商贸活动，似乎也可以称作为电子商务；但是，现在人们所探讨的电子商务主要是以EDI（电子数据交换）和INTERNET来完成的。尤其是随着INTERNET技术的日益成熟，电子商务真正的发展将是建立在INTERNET技术上的。所以也有人把电子商务简称为IC（INTERNET COMMERCE）。
从贸易活动的角度分析，电子商务可以在多个环节实现，由此也可以将电子商务分为两个层次，较低层次的电子商务如电子商情、电子贸易、电子合同等；最完整的也是最高级的电子商务应该是利用INTENET网络能够进行全部的贸易活动，即在网上将信息流、商流、资金流和部分的物流完整地实现，也就是说，你可以从寻找客户开始，一直到洽谈、订货、在线付（收）款、开据电子发票以至到电子报关、电子纳税等通过INTERNET一气呵成。
要实现完整的电子商务还会涉及到很多方面，除了买家、卖家外，还要有银行或金融机构、政府机构、认证机构、配送中心等机构的加入才行。由于参与电子商务中的各方在物理上是互不谋面的，因此整个电子商务过程并不是物理世界商务活动的翻版，网上银行、在线电子支付等条件和数据加密、电子签名等技术在电子商务中发挥着重要的不可或缺的作用。

Answer 1

The content of e-commerce
Electronic commerce (e-business, e-comerce, e-trade) from the literal meaning of the English speaking now is the use of advanced electronic technology to engage in various commercial activities way. The essence of e-commerce should be a complete set of network business operations and management information systems. Specifically, it is the use of existing computer hardware, software and network infrastructure, adoption of the agreement will connect the network environment for the conduct of electronic commerce activities of the various ways. This is a more stringent definition, in simple language, E-commerce generally refers to the use of the Internet for business activities in a way, for example : online marketing, online customer services, and online advertising, online survey. E-commerce on the Internet can be divided into three areas : information services, transactions and payments. Main contents include : Electronic Business advertisements; And the purchase of electronic transactions, electronic transactions, the exchange of documents; electronic payment and settlement and the sale of online services. The main types of business transactions and personal transactions (B to C mode) and the transactions between enterprises (B to B mode) 2 species. Participate in e-commerce entity with four categories : customer (individual consumers or enterprise groups), businesses (including vendors, manufacturers, storage and transportation company), banks (including the issuing firms, separate admission) and Certification Center. Internet is the explosion of e-commerce development as a direct result, the network is a new technology application development direction. Internet itself is an open, global, low-cost, high-efficiency characteristics, E-commerce has become an inherent feature and to enable e-commerce has greatly exceeded as a new form of trade with the value It will not only change the enterprise's production, operation and management activities, but will also affect the entire social and economic structure. 1. E-commerce will traditional business processes electronic and digital, on the one hand, to replace the electronic flow of the actual logistics, can be a significant reduction in manpower, resources and reduce the cost; the other breakthroughs in the time and space constraints, transactions can be made at any time and any place, thus greatly improving efficiency. 2. E-commerce is open and the global characteristics of the enterprises to create more trade opportunities. 3. E-commerce enterprises to be similar to the cost of access to the global electronic markets, enabling SMEs may also have large enterprises and the same information resources, improve the competitiveness of SMEs. 4. E-commerce to redefine the traditional circulation model, a reduction of intermediate links, enabling producers and consumers may become direct transactions, so to some extent changed the whole socio-economic operation's style. 5. While e-commerce break the barriers of time and space, the other provided a wealth of information resources, for the socio-economic elements of the reorganization is more likely that this will have an impact on the social and economic layout and structure. E-commerce refers to the use of a simple, fast, low-cost means of electronic communication, not seen for buyers and sellers to conduct various business activities. E-commerce through a variety of electronic means of communication to complete. Simple, such as through your phone or fax the form to customers and business activities. seem to be referred to as e-commerce; However, It is now addressed in the e-commerce based on EDI (electronic data interchange) and the Internet to complete . In particular, with the Internet technology will become increasingly mature. the real development of e-commerce will be established on the Internet technically. So there were some people who e-commerce known as IC (INTERNET COMMERCE). From the perspective of trade, e-commerce in a number of areas, and It also can be divided into two tiers of e-commerce, lower level of e-commerce such as the Electronic Business, e-commerce, Electronic Contract; the most complete and the most advanced e-commerce should be able to use the network INTENET the entire trade activity, that the flow of information online, the business flow, capital flow and part of the logistics integrity to achieve that is to say, you can start looking for customers, have to negotiate, ordering, online payment (received), it was open to electronic invoices as well as EDI, electronic tax payment through the Internet coherent. To achieve a complete e-commerce will also involve many aspects, in addition to buyers, sellers, but also banks or financial institutions, government agencies, certification bodies, distribution centers and other agencies to find. E-commerce because of the involvement of all parties in physics is not seen each other. therefore, the whole process of e-commerce is not the physical world business activities in the piracy, Internet banking, online electronic payment conditions and data encryption. electronic signatures in e-commerce technology plays an important role indispensable.