Question

谁能帮我翻译一下课文 谢谢了

Technology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in England beginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造) of goods, which has changed ideas about work. One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail, meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass production, although mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.

Once this was (lone, workers no longer started on the product and labored to complete it. Instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parts in certain order. There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today's standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled worker wasn't the only loser, the common workers lost too. Similar changes forced farmer away. The increased mechanization (机械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.

Answer 1

技术一直是历史变迁的鼓励。它作为这样一个在英国在十八世纪初的力量，在整个西方世界在19。快速发展是在对在商品生产（制造），它改变了对工作思路的科学发现使用。第一个变化之一是，其他形式的能源都采取了人的力量的地方。伴随着这一来增加使用的机器制造产品在更短的时间。人们还研制的机器可以生产的产品相同的部分：每个指甲正是像其他指甲，这意味着每个指甲可用于所有其他指甲改变。这意味着货物可大规模生产，但大规模生产所需的分解成小任务，产量下降。

一旦这是（孤，工人不再开始在产品和辛劳来完成它，相反，他们可能工作只是其中的千分之一，其他工人完成在一定的顺序自己的部分。没有什么今天的这个生产工作的怪标准，高度熟练的工人无法比拟的新的生产技术，为大规模生产高标准允许的商品进行更生产数量比以往可以通过手工完成，但熟练的工人是不是唯一的输家，共同工人失去了太多类似的变化迫使农民离开，增加的农业机械化（机械化）摆脱了土地耕作和收割的庄稼的工人群众，他们别无选择，只能对飞速发展的工业中心流。越来越多，标准设置由机器，工人不再拥有自己的工具，他们的技能已不再重视，并在其工作的骄傲已不再可能。工人喂养，照顾和修复工作的机器，可以大大降低成本比人类更快。