Question

哪位大侠给翻译一下机械的外文资料 谢谢~~~

Fundamentals of Mechanical Design
Mechanical design means the design of things and systems of a mechanical nature—machines, products, structures, devices, and instruments. For the most part mechanical design utilizes mathematics, the materials sciences, and the engineering-mechanics sciences.
The total design process is of interest to us. How does it begin? Does the engineer simply sit down at his desk with a blank sheet of paper? And, as he jots down some ideas, what happens next? What factors influence or control the decisions which have to be made? Finally, then, how does this design process end?
Sometimes, but not always, design begins when an engineer recognizes a need and decides to do something about it. Recognition of the need and phrasing it in so many words often constitute a highly creative act because the need may be only a vague discontent, a feeling of uneasiness, or a sensing that something is not right.
The need is usually not evident at all. For example, the need to do something about a food-packaging machine may be indicated by the noise level, by the variation in package weight, and by slight but perceptible variations in the quality of the packaging or wrap.
There is a distinct difference between the statement of the need and the identification of the problem which follows this statement. The problem is more specific. If the end is for cleaner air, the problem might be that of reducing the dust discharge from power-plant stacks, or reducing the quantity of irritants from automotive exhausts.
Definition of the problem must include all the specifications for the thing that is to be designed. The specifications are the input and output quantities, the characteristics and dimensions of the space the thing must occupy and all the limitations on these quantities. In this case we must specify the inputs and outputs of the box together with their characteristics and limitations. The specifications define the cost, the number to be manufactured, the expected life, the range, the operating temperature, and the reliability.

Answer 1

机械设计基础（手工翻译，非机器翻译）

机械设计是指设计机械固有的内容和系统，包括：机器、产品、结构、装置和仪器。机械设计主要使用到数学、材料科学和机械工程学相关领域。

整个设计过程对我们益处。如何开始机械设计呢？是不是工程师拿张空白稿纸坐到他的桌前那么简单呢？如同他那少量的想法，然后呢？那些因素影响或者控制所做出的决定呢？最后，如何结束这个设计过程呢？

有时，不是经常，设计开始于工程师认识到需要做并决定做的那一刻。着墨于意识到需要和着手做上面，就是要说明这是个创造性的工作，因为需求很可能是模糊的不满足，可能是一种不自在的感觉，抑或是仅仅觉得某些事不爽。

需求通常都不是显而易见的。比如，需要做一个关于食品包装的机械需要提及噪音级别、根据的是包裹重量变量和在封装和缠绕所产生的很小的重量变量。

需求说明和说明之后产生的问题确认是有明显差别的。因为问题更具体。如果更清洁的空气是结果，那么可能是因为在于从工厂烟囱排放了粉尘减少或者汽车尾气减少了。

定义一个问题必须包括设计中所有的规范。规范包括输入、输出的数量，物体占用空间的特征是尺寸还有这些数量的局限性。通常我们必须详细记载这些箱子、箱子的局限性和特征的输入、输出。这个规法定义了将要制造的成本、数量还有预期使用寿命、使用范围、操作温度和可靠性。