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英语 have been的用法是什么?
3个回答
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你好!很高兴为你答疑解惑。
have been 是动词be的现在完成时行式,当主语为第三人称单数时,使用has been的形式。和不同的单词连用,表达不同的意思。现对初中教材中出现的用法归纳如下: 一、have been与表示职业的名词连用,用来询问或说明某人所从事的职业。例如:
Have you ever been a teacher ? 你曾经当过教师吗?
I've been a doctor before . 以前我曾经是一位医生。
这种表达与how long, for或since等表示时间的短语连用后,则表示此种状态的持续时间。例如:
How long have you been a player ? 你当运动员有多久了?
I've been a worker for twelve years. 我当工人十二年了。
I've been a soldier since two years ago. 自从两年前我就当了战士。
二、have been后接形容词,表示某种行为或状态。此时和表示时间的短语how long, for或since等连用时,则表示这种状态持续的时间。例如:
The shop has been open . 这家商店营业了。
How long has this factory been open ? 这家工厂开工多久了?
The factory has been open for several years. 这家工厂开工好几年了。
The baby has been asleep since his mother left. 自从他妈妈走后,这小孩就睡着了。
I have so tired these days. 这些天我很累。
这种方式也用来表示天气等:
It has been hot since last week. 自从上周以来,天气一直很热。
某些动词的分词用作形容词时,也可以使用这种句式表达。例如:
Jim's purse has been missing (for a week). 吉姆的钱包丢了(一周了)。
The train has been gone (for half an hour). 火车开走了(半小时了)。
三、have been 可以和表示地点的介词短语连用,依据介词的不同和语境的不同,可以表示相当于汉语中的“去过”、“来”、“到”、“在”等不同动词的意思。和how long , for ,since等表示时间的短语连用后,表示这种状态的持续时间。例如:
Have you been to Beijing ? 你去过北京吗?(不在北京问)
Has Jim been to China? 吉姆来过中国吗?(在中国问)/ 吉姆去过中国吗?(在中国以外的地方问)
How long have you been at the school? 你在/到/来这所学校多久了?
They have been in China for more than two years. 他们来中国两年多了。
have been与表示地点的副词here 或there等连用时,与上述意思相同:
I have been here for two hours. 我来这儿两个小时了。
He has been there for three years. 他在那儿已经三年了。
Where have you been (to)? 你刚才去哪里了?
四、have been可以与away, back, in, on, out, over等小品词连用,相当于一个表示动作动词的现在完成时的用法,表示某种状态。当这种状态与for等表示段时间的短语连用时,表示这个状态的延续时间。例如:
Tom has been away (for a week). = Tom has left (for a week). 汤姆离开(一周)了。
The film has been on (for half an hour). = The film has begun (for half an hour). 电影开演(半小时)了。
He has been out (for two days). = He has left his home (for two days). 他不在家(两天)了。
The train has been in (for two hours). = The train has arrived (for two hours). 火车到达(两小时)了。
He has been back (for a week). = He has come back (for a week). 他回来一周了。
[请注意上述例子中的后一种说法。我们一直在教学生不能说 I've come for an hour.之类的句子,让学生记住所谓的“瞬间动词”不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,然而,这种观点是违背英语使用原则的。详情请见2003年第三期《中学外语教与学》或《中学英语学习与辅导误区100例》(金盾出版社2005年2月出版)]
五、have been后接动词的现在分词,为现在完成进行时,强调从过去某一时间到现在为止的一段时间内一直进行或反复多次发生的动作,这个动作到说话时是否停止,视上下文或当时语言环境而定。例如:
He has been working in that factory for five years.
他在这工厂工作五年了。(现在是否仍在该工厂工作,视上下文而定。)
I have been surfing every day. 每天我都要冲浪。
六、have been +及物动词的过去分词,为现在完成时被动语态的形式,表示一个已完成的被动动作。例如:
The moon has been visited by human being already. 月亮已经被人类访问过了。
Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 人造卫星已经被很多国家发射到了太空。
我的回答你还满意吗?望采纳,谢谢!
have been 是动词be的现在完成时行式,当主语为第三人称单数时,使用has been的形式。和不同的单词连用,表达不同的意思。现对初中教材中出现的用法归纳如下: 一、have been与表示职业的名词连用,用来询问或说明某人所从事的职业。例如:
Have you ever been a teacher ? 你曾经当过教师吗?
I've been a doctor before . 以前我曾经是一位医生。
这种表达与how long, for或since等表示时间的短语连用后,则表示此种状态的持续时间。例如:
How long have you been a player ? 你当运动员有多久了?
I've been a worker for twelve years. 我当工人十二年了。
I've been a soldier since two years ago. 自从两年前我就当了战士。
二、have been后接形容词,表示某种行为或状态。此时和表示时间的短语how long, for或since等连用时,则表示这种状态持续的时间。例如:
The shop has been open . 这家商店营业了。
How long has this factory been open ? 这家工厂开工多久了?
The factory has been open for several years. 这家工厂开工好几年了。
The baby has been asleep since his mother left. 自从他妈妈走后,这小孩就睡着了。
I have so tired these days. 这些天我很累。
这种方式也用来表示天气等:
It has been hot since last week. 自从上周以来,天气一直很热。
某些动词的分词用作形容词时,也可以使用这种句式表达。例如:
Jim's purse has been missing (for a week). 吉姆的钱包丢了(一周了)。
The train has been gone (for half an hour). 火车开走了(半小时了)。
三、have been 可以和表示地点的介词短语连用,依据介词的不同和语境的不同,可以表示相当于汉语中的“去过”、“来”、“到”、“在”等不同动词的意思。和how long , for ,since等表示时间的短语连用后,表示这种状态的持续时间。例如:
Have you been to Beijing ? 你去过北京吗?(不在北京问)
Has Jim been to China? 吉姆来过中国吗?(在中国问)/ 吉姆去过中国吗?(在中国以外的地方问)
How long have you been at the school? 你在/到/来这所学校多久了?
They have been in China for more than two years. 他们来中国两年多了。
have been与表示地点的副词here 或there等连用时,与上述意思相同:
I have been here for two hours. 我来这儿两个小时了。
He has been there for three years. 他在那儿已经三年了。
Where have you been (to)? 你刚才去哪里了?
四、have been可以与away, back, in, on, out, over等小品词连用,相当于一个表示动作动词的现在完成时的用法,表示某种状态。当这种状态与for等表示段时间的短语连用时,表示这个状态的延续时间。例如:
Tom has been away (for a week). = Tom has left (for a week). 汤姆离开(一周)了。
The film has been on (for half an hour). = The film has begun (for half an hour). 电影开演(半小时)了。
He has been out (for two days). = He has left his home (for two days). 他不在家(两天)了。
The train has been in (for two hours). = The train has arrived (for two hours). 火车到达(两小时)了。
He has been back (for a week). = He has come back (for a week). 他回来一周了。
[请注意上述例子中的后一种说法。我们一直在教学生不能说 I've come for an hour.之类的句子,让学生记住所谓的“瞬间动词”不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,然而,这种观点是违背英语使用原则的。详情请见2003年第三期《中学外语教与学》或《中学英语学习与辅导误区100例》(金盾出版社2005年2月出版)]
五、have been后接动词的现在分词,为现在完成进行时,强调从过去某一时间到现在为止的一段时间内一直进行或反复多次发生的动作,这个动作到说话时是否停止,视上下文或当时语言环境而定。例如:
He has been working in that factory for five years.
他在这工厂工作五年了。(现在是否仍在该工厂工作,视上下文而定。)
I have been surfing every day. 每天我都要冲浪。
六、have been +及物动词的过去分词,为现在完成时被动语态的形式,表示一个已完成的被动动作。例如:
The moon has been visited by human being already. 月亮已经被人类访问过了。
Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 人造卫星已经被很多国家发射到了太空。
我的回答你还满意吗?望采纳,谢谢!
展开全部
have been是be动词的现在完成时。
现在完成时跨在两个时间之上,一是过去,一是现在。它的动作发生在过去,但对现在有影响(或结果),而时这种影响(或结果)却往往是说话人的兴趣所在,所以常常后面不用时间状语。现在完成时所表的动作离说话人的说话时刻可近可远,表近距离的如:
The car has arrived. 车子来了。(结果:车子已在门口)
Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了。(结果:窗户仍破着)
He’s been sick. 他刚生过病。(结果:现在脸色还不好)
美国英语常用过去一般时代替表近距离的现在完成时,如:
What happened? 发生什么事了?(等于What’s happened?)
Who took my dictionary? 谁把我的词典拿走了?(等于Who’s taken my dictionary?)
表远距离的如:
He has traveled over a lot of lands. 他到过许多国家。(结果:他见识很广)
Have you ever seen the sea? 你看见过大海吗?(结果:如见过就告诉我大海是什么样吧)
She has had a good education. 她受过良好教育。(结果:她的文化水平比较高)
有时可以连用现在完成时去完成一个以上相互紧接的动作。如:
They have gone to the moon and come back to earth again. 他们踏上了月球,后又返回了地球。
The river has been the scourge to Chins. But we have tamed it at last. 这条河是中国的灾难。但我们终于把它驯服了。
注意have been与have gone的意思不同。试比较:
I have been to the library. 我刚从图书馆回来。(去而复归,用be动词的现在完成时)
He has gone to the library. 他到图书馆去了。(去而未归,用go的现在完成时,并且只能用于第三人称)
have been还可和不定式连用。如:
I have been to see John. 我去看过约翰了。
This is one of the few times he has been to shed tears. 这是他难得的一次流泪。
现在完成时常用来表持续的动作或状态,亦可用来表过去重复的动作。
1)无限动词表持续。表持续的动作或状态的动词多是无限动词,如live,study,teach,be,wait等,常和since(自从)或for(经历)引导的词语连用。如:
I have lived here for more than thirty years. 我已在此住了30多年。
I have been here since last October. 从去年十月起,我一直在这里。(since是介系词)
She has taught us since I came to this school. 自从我来到这所学校,她一直教我们。(since作连接词)
此外,since还可以做副词用。
since从句虽常用过去一般时,但有时也可以用现在完成时。since从句用现在完成时时,since的意思是“在‥‥期间”或“自‥‥期间”的开头,但其后的动词必须是无限动词,有持续性。如果since后面的动词是无限动词,但时态为一般过去时,则表示自从这个动作结束时算起。如:
I have met him often since I have lived here. 自从我在这里住下之后,我经常看见他。
I have met him often since I lived here. 自从我不住在这里之后,我经常看见他。
I have learned a lot from him since I have known him. 自从我认识了他,我向他学到许多东西。
在一般情况下,这种现在完成时今后还会延续下去。但也有可能不再延续。如:
Have you waited long? 你等了很久了吗?(动作不再延续,如果说话人是对方所等待的人的话。long前省去了for,因为long本身可以做副词)
These shoes are worn out. They have lasted a long time. 这些鞋子已穿破了。已穿了很长时间了。(have lasted也不再延续。a long time前省去了for)
非无限动词一般不可用现在完成时表持续性,但非无限动词在否定结构中则可用现在完成时,因为“否定的状态”本身是可以延续的。如:
I haven’t bought anything for three months. 我有3个月没有买过任何东西。
I haven’t touched beer for a whole week. 我有整整一个星期没沾啤酒。
2)亦可用有限动词表持续。在当代英语里,有些有限动词已冲破了上述规则,在某种情况下也可以与since(自从)或for(经历)引导的词语连用表“持续性”。如:
The two leaders have met for two hours. 这两位领导人会晤了两个小时。
He has visited China for three days. 他在中国进行了三天访问。
Since when have you become active? 你什么时候开始变得积极了的?
但要注意介系词for有时并不表“经历”,而是表“目的”。如:
I’ve come only for a few moments. 我来只能待几分钟。
Charlie has gone off to Canada for six months. 查理去加拿大,要去六个月。
3)表过去重复的动作。这种现在完成时常与always,often,many times,every day等时间状语连用。如:
My father has always gone to work by bike. 我父亲一向是骑车上班。
It’s rained every day this week. 这个星期天天下雨。
Six times he has tried and six times he has failed. 他试了六次,六次都失败了。
还常与含有另一现在完成时的when从句连用,表过去了的经验。如:
I have often met him when I have been in London. 我在伦敦时经常见到他。
Sometimes when I have been alone I have remembered that folly. 有时我独自一人,就会想起那桩荒唐事。
when从句中的现在完成时往往被过去一般时所代替,如:Here men have been killed when they fired at a grizzly. (这里人们开枪打灰熊时,是有过牺牲的。)
同现在一般时一样,现在完成时也可以在时间状语从句里表将来。如:
We are going after we’ve had breakfast. 我们吃过早餐走。
How can you go before the rain has stopped? 雨还没有停,你怎么能走呢?
I’ll wait until he has written his letter. 我愿等到他把信写完。
用于主句为过去时的名词性从句。和现在一般时一样,现在完成时也可以用在过去时态之后的名词性从句中,表示说话人相信从句所表示内容的真实性。如:
I heard you have been sick. 我听说你病了。
The investigation proved that he has done his best. 调查结果说明他是尽了最大努力的。
现在完成时跨在两个时间之上,一是过去,一是现在。它的动作发生在过去,但对现在有影响(或结果),而时这种影响(或结果)却往往是说话人的兴趣所在,所以常常后面不用时间状语。现在完成时所表的动作离说话人的说话时刻可近可远,表近距离的如:
The car has arrived. 车子来了。(结果:车子已在门口)
Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了。(结果:窗户仍破着)
He’s been sick. 他刚生过病。(结果:现在脸色还不好)
美国英语常用过去一般时代替表近距离的现在完成时,如:
What happened? 发生什么事了?(等于What’s happened?)
Who took my dictionary? 谁把我的词典拿走了?(等于Who’s taken my dictionary?)
表远距离的如:
He has traveled over a lot of lands. 他到过许多国家。(结果:他见识很广)
Have you ever seen the sea? 你看见过大海吗?(结果:如见过就告诉我大海是什么样吧)
She has had a good education. 她受过良好教育。(结果:她的文化水平比较高)
有时可以连用现在完成时去完成一个以上相互紧接的动作。如:
They have gone to the moon and come back to earth again. 他们踏上了月球,后又返回了地球。
The river has been the scourge to Chins. But we have tamed it at last. 这条河是中国的灾难。但我们终于把它驯服了。
注意have been与have gone的意思不同。试比较:
I have been to the library. 我刚从图书馆回来。(去而复归,用be动词的现在完成时)
He has gone to the library. 他到图书馆去了。(去而未归,用go的现在完成时,并且只能用于第三人称)
have been还可和不定式连用。如:
I have been to see John. 我去看过约翰了。
This is one of the few times he has been to shed tears. 这是他难得的一次流泪。
现在完成时常用来表持续的动作或状态,亦可用来表过去重复的动作。
1)无限动词表持续。表持续的动作或状态的动词多是无限动词,如live,study,teach,be,wait等,常和since(自从)或for(经历)引导的词语连用。如:
I have lived here for more than thirty years. 我已在此住了30多年。
I have been here since last October. 从去年十月起,我一直在这里。(since是介系词)
She has taught us since I came to this school. 自从我来到这所学校,她一直教我们。(since作连接词)
此外,since还可以做副词用。
since从句虽常用过去一般时,但有时也可以用现在完成时。since从句用现在完成时时,since的意思是“在‥‥期间”或“自‥‥期间”的开头,但其后的动词必须是无限动词,有持续性。如果since后面的动词是无限动词,但时态为一般过去时,则表示自从这个动作结束时算起。如:
I have met him often since I have lived here. 自从我在这里住下之后,我经常看见他。
I have met him often since I lived here. 自从我不住在这里之后,我经常看见他。
I have learned a lot from him since I have known him. 自从我认识了他,我向他学到许多东西。
在一般情况下,这种现在完成时今后还会延续下去。但也有可能不再延续。如:
Have you waited long? 你等了很久了吗?(动作不再延续,如果说话人是对方所等待的人的话。long前省去了for,因为long本身可以做副词)
These shoes are worn out. They have lasted a long time. 这些鞋子已穿破了。已穿了很长时间了。(have lasted也不再延续。a long time前省去了for)
非无限动词一般不可用现在完成时表持续性,但非无限动词在否定结构中则可用现在完成时,因为“否定的状态”本身是可以延续的。如:
I haven’t bought anything for three months. 我有3个月没有买过任何东西。
I haven’t touched beer for a whole week. 我有整整一个星期没沾啤酒。
2)亦可用有限动词表持续。在当代英语里,有些有限动词已冲破了上述规则,在某种情况下也可以与since(自从)或for(经历)引导的词语连用表“持续性”。如:
The two leaders have met for two hours. 这两位领导人会晤了两个小时。
He has visited China for three days. 他在中国进行了三天访问。
Since when have you become active? 你什么时候开始变得积极了的?
但要注意介系词for有时并不表“经历”,而是表“目的”。如:
I’ve come only for a few moments. 我来只能待几分钟。
Charlie has gone off to Canada for six months. 查理去加拿大,要去六个月。
3)表过去重复的动作。这种现在完成时常与always,often,many times,every day等时间状语连用。如:
My father has always gone to work by bike. 我父亲一向是骑车上班。
It’s rained every day this week. 这个星期天天下雨。
Six times he has tried and six times he has failed. 他试了六次,六次都失败了。
还常与含有另一现在完成时的when从句连用,表过去了的经验。如:
I have often met him when I have been in London. 我在伦敦时经常见到他。
Sometimes when I have been alone I have remembered that folly. 有时我独自一人,就会想起那桩荒唐事。
when从句中的现在完成时往往被过去一般时所代替,如:Here men have been killed when they fired at a grizzly. (这里人们开枪打灰熊时,是有过牺牲的。)
同现在一般时一样,现在完成时也可以在时间状语从句里表将来。如:
We are going after we’ve had breakfast. 我们吃过早餐走。
How can you go before the rain has stopped? 雨还没有停,你怎么能走呢?
I’ll wait until he has written his letter. 我愿等到他把信写完。
用于主句为过去时的名词性从句。和现在一般时一样,现在完成时也可以用在过去时态之后的名词性从句中,表示说话人相信从句所表示内容的真实性。如:
I heard you have been sick. 我听说你病了。
The investigation proved that he has done his best. 调查结果说明他是尽了最大努力的。
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从过去到现在。是一个时间段
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可以继续追问哦
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