Question

翻译，汉译英，翻译好了追加一把分，不胜感激

摘 要
1926年第一套1219mm热轧带钢轧机在美国问世，几十年来，热带连轧机无论从生产能力、轧制速度、轧制技术、轧机布置以及配套设施等方面都发生了巨大的变化，轧机结构形式逐渐趋向由大型化、连续化向集约化、紧凑式的连轧方向发展，轧制速度由不足10m/s到最大提高至28.5m/s；成品带材厚度也由最薄2-5mm达到0.8mm，精度为±25μm；单机年产量上升到300-500万吨。
热轧带钢精轧机是生产热轧板卷的主体轧制设备，生产出高质量的热轧带材除了需要有现代化的热轧带钢连轧机、先进工艺、先进检测手段和现代化科学管理以外，还要具有不同材质、性能优异的轧辊来保证。合格轧辊的主要使用性能应当满足芯部具有足够的强度和工作层应具有足够的耐磨性及韧性。轧辊作为轧钢生产中重要的大型工具，其性能和使用状况的好坏直接影响到所轧制产品的质量和生产作业效率的发挥。即使制造质量合格的轧辊，由于使用不当仍会在轧钢过程中出现故障，甚至连带引发轧制设备的损坏。因此，轧辊制造技术的进步和轧辊使用维护对于钢铁工业的发展起着重要的作用。
轧辊失效是由多种因素相互影响和相互作用引起，其失效形式也多样。但只要了解轧辊损坏原因，针对具体的损坏形式采取相应措施，轧辊失效可以得到有效控制，可以最大限度降低辊耗，从而提高轧辊的使用寿命。本文通过我厂生产的热轧带钢精轧工作辊在国内外用户现场使用中出现的问题进行调查，归纳出热轧带钢精轧机工作辊的常见的失效形式，主要有工作层剥落失效、辊身断裂失效、辊颈断裂失效、热裂纹失效、轧辊表面和表面以下缺陷（气孔、夹杂、亮斑/花斑等）失效等形式。我们通过对轧辊失效形式的系统分析，阐述了其萌生、扩展及最终失效的机理，并提出了经过科学试验和经验总结而得出的防止该类轧辊失效产生的有效措施，这无论是对轧辊制造还是轧辊使用都具有一定的参考价值。

关键词：热轧带钢，精轧工作辊，轧辊失效，工作层剥落，断裂，热裂纹，缺陷

Answer 1

摘 要
1926年第一套1219mm热轧带钢轧机在美国问世，几十年来，热带连轧机无论从生产能力、轧制速度、轧制技术、轧机布置以及配套设施等方面都发生了巨大的变化，轧机结构形式逐渐趋向由大型化、连续化向集约化、紧凑式的连轧方向发展，轧制速度由不足10m/s到最大提高至28.5m/s；成品带材厚度也由最薄2-5mm达到0.8mm，精度为±25μm；单机年产量上升到300-500万吨。
Abstract：
The first set of 1219mm hot rolled strip mill was introduced in 1926 in the United States. For the past few decades, it had experienced great changes in terms of production capacity, rolling speed, rolling technology, mill layout and auxiliary facilities; the structural type of the mill had been shifting from big-sized and continuous process to the intensive and compact approach; rolling speed was increased from less than 10 m/s to 28.5 m/s; thickness of the finished products was improved from the optimum thinness of 2-5 mm to o.8 mm with ±25μm accuracy, and the annual output of a single machine was upgraded to 3-5 million tons.

热轧带钢精轧机是生产热轧板卷的主体轧制设备，生产出高质量的热轧带材除了需要有现代化的热轧带钢连轧机、先进工艺、先进检测手段和现代化科学管理以外，还要具有不同材质、性能优异的轧辊来保证。合格轧辊的主要使用性能应当满足芯部具有足够的强度和工作层应具有足够的耐磨性及韧性。轧辊作为轧钢生产中重要的大型工具，其性能和使用状况的好坏直接影响到所轧制产品的质量和生产作业效率的发挥。即使制造质量合格的轧辊，由于使用不当仍会在轧钢过程中出现故障，甚至连带引发轧制设备的损坏。因此，轧辊制造技术的进步和轧辊使用维护对于钢铁工业的发展起着重要的作用。
Hot rolled strip finishing mill is the main rolling equipment for producing hot rolled coil. In order to produce top quality hot rolled strips, other than requiring a modernized hot rolled strip mill, state-of-the-art technology, advanced testing method and modern scientific management, the assurance for the excellent performance of rollers made with different materials is also a must. The prerequisites of a qualified roller are adequate tensile strength in its core, and sufficient wear-resistance and toughness of the working claddings. As an important large-scale tool in the production of rolled strip steel, the rollers’ performance and working condition have a direct impact on the quality of the product and the production efficiency as well.
But only by manufacturing qualified standard rollers is not enough, because the inappropriate use of the rollers will cause malfunction during the rolling process, it may even lead to equipment damages. Therefore, the advancement of the manufacturing technology and operating maintenance of the rollers plays an important role in the development of the steel industry.

轧辊失效是由多种因素相互影响和相互作用引起，其失效形式也多样。但只要了解轧辊损坏原因，针对具体的损坏形式采取相应措施，轧辊失效可以得到有效控制，可以最大限度降低辊耗，从而提高轧辊的使用寿命。本文通过我厂生产的热轧带钢精轧工作辊在国内外用户现场使用中出现的问题进行调查，归纳出热轧带钢精轧机工作辊的常见的失效形式，主要有工作层剥落失效、辊身断裂失效、辊颈断裂失效、热裂纹失效、轧辊表面和表面以下缺陷（气孔、夹杂、亮斑/花斑等）失效等形式。我们通过对轧辊失效形式的系统分析，阐述了其萌生、扩展及最终失效的机理，并提出了经过科学试验和经验总结而得出的防止该类轧辊失效产生的有效措施，这无论是对轧辊制造还是轧辊使用都具有一定的参考价值。
The failure of the rollers is caused by the interplay and interaction of many factors, and the failure can happen in various forms. But this problem can be effectively controlled if the cause of the roller damage can be identified and corresponding measures are adopted directly against the specific damage; thus roller wear will be reduced to the fullest extent and the service life of the rollers will be enhanced. By conducting investigations on the problems happened locally and abroad during the application process of the hot rolled strip mill rollers manufactured by our plant, this article summarizes the rollers’ common forms of failure, and they are mainly as follows: working cladding peeling off, roller body breakage, roller neck breakage, heat cracking, defects on and under the roller surface (gas pockets, entrainments, bright spots/speckles). By applying systematic analysis on these forms of roller failure, we expound the failure mechanism from its formation, proliferation and to the ultimate failure; we also propose some effective measures derived from scientific experiments and lessons learned, to prevent the occurrence of roller failures. These measures have certain reference values irrespective whether it is from the manufacture or the application perspectives.

关键词：热轧带钢，精轧工作辊，轧辊失效，工作层剥落，断裂，热裂纹，缺陷
Key words: hot rolled strip steel; rollers of precision rolling; roller failure; working cladding peeling off; breakage; heat cracking; defects.

【英语牛人团】

Answer 2

In 1926 the first set of 1219 mm strip mill came out in the United States, for decades, whether from tropical even mill production ability, rolling speed, rolling technology, rolling mill layout and supporting facilities there was a tremendous change, rolling mill structure form gradually trend by large and continuous intensive, compact type to the continuous rolling direction, rolling speed by less than 10 m/s to the largest increase to 28.5 m/s; Finished product by the thin strip thickness also 2-5 mm to 0.8 mm, precision for + 25 u m; Single output rose to 300-5 million tons.
Strip finishing is the subject of hot rolling production board (rolling equipment, produces high quality rolled strip in addition to need to modernization of the strip even rolling mill, advanced process, advanced detection means and modern scientific management, but also has the different material outside and the outstanding performance of the roll to guarantee. The main use roller qualified performance shall meet core department have the enough strength and work layer should have enough wear resistance and toughness. Roll as steel-rolling production of important tool in large, its performance and use conditions a direct influence on the quality of the product and the rolling production operation efficiency of the play. Even if the manufacturing quality qualified roll, because use improper will still be in steel rolling process broke down, and even joint trigger rolling equipment damage. Therefore, roll manufacturing technology of the progress and roll use for the development of steel industry maintenance plays an important role.
Failure is DuoZhong factors by roll affect each other and interaction cause, the invalidation forms and varied. But as long as understanding the causes for the damage rolls in specific, the damage of the form to take corresponding measures, roll failure can be effectively controlled, can minimize the roll consumption, so as to improve the service life of the roll. In this article, through our factory production strip of fine rolling work roll in the customers both at home and abroad and the problems in use survey, summarized the work roll strip finishing the common failure modes, mainly work layer spalling failure, the roll body fracture failure, roller neck fracture failure, the hot crack failure, roll surface and below the surface defects (porosity, impurity, bright spot/spotted, etc.) the form such as failure. We through failure form of roll of system analysis, this article introduces the initiation, expansion and final failure mechanism, and puts forward a scientific test and experience that the failure to prevent the roll of effective measures, it produced both for roll manufacturing or roll use all have certain reference value

Answer 3

Take to

1926年第一套1219mm热轧带钢轧机在美国问世，几十年来，热带连轧机无论从生产能力、轧制速度、轧制技术、轧机布置以及配套设施等方面都发生了巨大的变化，轧机结构形式逐渐趋向由大型化、连续化向集约化、紧凑式的连轧方向发展，轧制速度由不足10m/s到最大提高至28.5m/s；成品带材厚度也由最薄2-5mm达到0.8mm，精度为±25μm；单机年产量上升到300-500万吨。

In 1926 the first set of 1219mm hot strip mill in the United States has, for decades, tropical mill, whether from the production capacity, rolling speed, rolling, rolling mill layout and supporting facilities and has produced tremendous change, mill structure tends gradually to the large-scale, continuous change to intensive, compact type rolling direction, rolling speed by 10m / s to maximum to 28.5m / S; finished strip thickness by the thin 2-5mm reached 0.8mm, accuracy is + 25 u m; stand-alone annual output up to 300-500 million tons.

热轧带钢精轧机是生产热轧板卷的主体轧制设备，生产出高质量的热轧带材除了需要有现代化的热轧带钢连轧机、先进工艺、先进检测手段和现代化科学管理以外，还要具有不同材质、性能优异的轧辊来保证。合格轧辊的主要使用性能应当满足芯部具有足够的强度和工作层应具有足够的耐磨性及韧性。轧辊作为轧钢生产中重要的大型工具，其性能和使用状况的好坏直接影响到所轧制产品的质量和生产作业效率的发挥。即使制造质量合格的轧辊，由于使用不当仍会在轧钢过程中出现故障，甚至连带引发轧制设备的损坏。因此，轧辊制造技术的进步和轧辊使用维护对于钢铁工业的发展起着重要的作用。

Hot strip finishing mill is the production of hot rolled strip body rolling equipment, to produce high quality hot-rolled strip in addition to a modern hot strip mill, advanced technology, advanced detection methods and modern scientific management, but also has the different material, to ensure excellent roll. Qualified roll of the main performance shall meet the core has enough strength and working layer should have enough wear resistance and toughness. As an important roll in rolling production of large-scale instruments, its performance and use status directly affects the quality of rolled products and production efficiency. Even though the manufacturing quality of the roll, as improper use will still be in the process of rolling failure, even joint caused by rolling equipment damage. Therefore, roll manufacturing technology progress and the safeguard for the development of iron and steel industry plays an important role in.

轧辊失效是由多种因素相互影响和相互作用引起，其失效形式也多样。但只要了解轧辊损坏原因，针对具体的损坏形式采取相应措施，轧辊失效可以得到有效控制，可以最大限度降低辊耗，从而提高轧辊的使用寿命。本文通过我厂生产的热轧带钢精轧工作辊在国内外用户现场使用中出现的问题进行调查，归纳出热轧带钢精轧机工作辊的常见的失效形式，主要有工作层剥落失效、辊身断裂失效、辊颈断裂失效、热裂纹失效、轧辊表面和表面以下缺陷（气孔、夹杂、亮斑/花斑等）失效等形式。我们通过对轧辊失效形式的系统分析，阐述了其萌生、扩展及最终失效的机理，并提出了经过科学试验和经验总结而得出的防止该类轧辊失效产生的有效措施，这无论是对轧辊制造还是轧辊使用都具有一定的参考价值。

Roll failure is caused by a variety of factors mutual influence and interaction, the failure form diversity. But as long as the understanding of the causes of damage in concrete, the damage form to take corresponding measures, roll failure can be effectively controlled, may maximum limit reduce roll consumption, thereby improving the service life of roller. In this paper I plant the production of hot strip mill work roll in the domestic and foreign users of the site using the issues arising in the investigation, summed up the hot strip steel mill work roll of common failure forms, mainly spalling of work roll fracture failure, failure, roll neck fracture failure, thermal cracking, and below the surface of roller surface defect ( pores, inclusions, bright spot / piebald, failure form ). We through to the roll failure form of system analysis, elaborated its initiation, propagation and final failure mechanism, and puts forward a scientific experiment and experience summary that prevent the roll failure produced by effective measures, which both the roll or rolls using has the certain reference value.

关键词：热轧带钢，精轧工作辊，轧辊失效，工作层剥落，断裂，热裂纹，缺陷

Key words: hot rolled strip, finishing work roll, roll failure, spalling of work, fracture, crack, defect

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Answer 4

像这种高难度的翻译，只给100分，得到的当然是把‘摘要’翻译成 pick to 或 take to 的回答！！
还有楼上这个到处打广告的，本身英语水平也不怎么样，还想要收费，哼！！

Answer 5

In 1926 the first set of 1219mm hot strip mill in the United States has, for decades, tropical mill, whether from the production capacity, rolling speed, rolling, rolling mill layout and supporting facilities and has produced tremendous change, mill structure tends gradually to the large-scale, continuous change to intensive, compact type rolling direction, rolling speed by 10m / s to maximum to 28.5m / S; finished strip thickness by the thin 2-5mm reached 0.8mm, accuracy is + 25 u m; stand-alone annual output up to 300-500 million tons.
Hot strip finishing mill is the production of hot rolled strip body rolling equipment, to produce high quality hot-rolled strip in addition to a modern hot strip mill, advanced technology, advanced detection methods and modern scientific management, but also has the different material, to ensure excellent roll. Qualified roll of the main performance shall meet the core has enough strength and working layer should have enough wear resistance and toughness. As an important roll in rolling production of large-scale instruments, its performance and use status directly affects the quality of rolled products and production efficiency. Even though the manufacturing quality of the roll, as improper use will still be in the process of rolling failure, even joint caused by rolling equipment damage. Therefore, roll manufacturing technology progress and the safeguard for the development of iron and steel industry plays an important role in.
Roll failure is caused by a variety of factors mutual influence and interaction, the failure form diversity. But as long as the understanding of the causes of damage in concrete, the damage form to take corresponding measures, roll failure can be effectively controlled, may maximum limit reduce roll consumption, thereby improving the service life of roller. In this paper I plant the production of hot strip mill work roll in the domestic and foreign users of the site using the issues arising in the investigation, summed up the hot strip steel mill work roll of common failure forms, mainly spalling of work roll fracture failure, failure, roll neck fracture failure, thermal cracking, and below the surface of roller surface defect ( pores, inclusions, bright spot / piebald, failure form ). We through to the roll failure form of system analysis, elaborated its initiation, propagation and final failure mechanism, and puts forward a scientific experiment and experience summary that prevent the roll failure produced by effective measures, which both the roll or rolls using has the certain reference value

Answer 6

金山词霸