Question

求高中化学常见的物质的溶解度的大小

Answer 1

相同温度下，碳酸钠的溶解度大于碳酸氢钠的溶解度（水为溶剂），这个必须牢记。其他的就看下面这个溶解性表就行，只记住物质能否溶解即可。溶解度大小不需要记住，可以查资料，如果做题需要，题目中会给出数值的。离子所带的电荷数 没标出，能看懂。阴离子（横） 　　阳离子（纵）OHNO3ClSO4SSO3CO3SiO3PO4H(即水)溶挥溶挥溶溶挥溶挥溶挥微溶NH4溶挥溶溶溶溶溶溶—溶K溶溶溶溶溶溶溶溶溶Na溶溶溶溶溶溶溶溶溶Ba溶溶溶不—不不不不Ca微溶溶微—不不不不Mg不溶溶溶—微微不不Al不溶溶溶———不不Mn不溶溶溶不不不不不Zn不溶溶溶不不不不不Cr不溶溶溶———不不Fe2+不溶溶溶不不不不不Fe3+不溶溶溶———不不Sn不溶溶溶不———不Pb不溶微不不不不不不Cu不溶溶溶不不不不不Hg—溶溶溶不不——不Ag—溶不微不不不不不 溶解性口诀一

钾钠铵盐溶水快 ，
硫酸盐除去钡铅钙。
氯化物不溶氯化银，
硝酸盐溶液都透明。
口诀中未有皆下沉。
溶解性口诀二

钾、钠、铵盐、硝酸盐；
氯化物除银、亚汞；
硫酸盐除钡和铅；
碳酸、磷酸盐，只溶钾、钠、铵。
溶解性口诀三

钾钠铵硝皆可溶、盐酸盐不溶银亚汞；
硫酸盐不溶钡和铅、碳磷酸盐多不溶。
多数酸溶碱少溶、只有钾钠铵钡溶
溶解性口诀四

钾、钠、硝酸溶， （钾盐、钠盐和硝酸盐都溶于水。）
盐酸除银（亚）汞， （盐酸盐里除氯化银和氯化亚汞外都溶。）
再说硫酸盐，不容有钡、铅， （硫酸盐中不溶的是硫酸钡和硫酸铅。）
其余几类盐， （碳酸盐、亚硫酸盐、磷酸盐、硅酸盐和硫化物）
只溶钾、钠、铵， （只有相应的钾盐、钠盐和铵盐可溶）
最后说碱类，钾、钠、铵和钡。 （氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钡和氨水可溶）
另有几种微溶物，可单独记住。
溶解性口诀五

钾钠铵盐硝酸盐
完全溶解不困难
氯化亚汞氯化银
硫酸钡和硫酸铅
生成沉淀记心间
氢硫酸盐和碱类
碳酸磷酸硝酸盐
可溶只有钾钠铵

Answer 2

溶解度表（都是难溶盐）依次为：英文名，化学式，温度，溶解常数，最后的字母是资料来源。Aluminium Hydroxide anhydrous Al(OH)3 20°C 1.9×10–33 L Aluminium Hydroxide anhydrous Al(OH)3 25°C 3×10–34 w1 Aluminium Hydroxide trihydrate Al(OH)3 20°C 4×10–13 C Aluminium Hydroxide trihydrate Al(OH)3 25°C 3.7×10–13 C Aluminium Phosphate AlPO4 25°C 9.84×10–21 w1 Barium Bromate Ba(BrO3)2 25°C 2.43×10–4 w1 Barium Carbonate BaCO3 16°C 7×10–9 C, L Barium Carbonate BaCO3 25°C 8.1×10–9 C, L Barium Chromate BaCrO4 28°C 2.4×10–10 C, L Barium Fluoride BaF2 25.8°C 1.73×10–6 C, L Barium Iodate dihydrate Ba(IO3)2 25°C 6.5×10–10 C, L Barium Oxalate dihydrate BaC2O4 18°C 1.2×10–7 C, L Barium Sulfate BaSO4 18°C 0.87×10–10 C, L Barium Sulfate BaSO4 25°C 1.08×10–10 C, L Barium Sulfate BaSO4 50°C 1.98×10–10 C, L Beryllium Hydroxide Be(OH)2 25°C 6.92×10–22 w1 Cadmium Carbonate CdCO3 25°C 1.0×10–12 w1 Cadmium Hydroxide Cd(OH)2 25°C 7.2×10–15 w1 Cadmium Oxalate trihydrate CdC2O4 18°C 1.53×10–8 C, L Cadmium Phosphate Cd3(PO4)2 25°C 2.53×10–33 w1 Cadmium Sulfide CdS 18°C 3.6×10–29 C, L Calcium Carbonate calcite CaCO3 15°C 0.99×10–8 C, L Calcium Carbonate calcite CaCO3 25°C 0.87×10–8 C, L Calcium Carbonate calcite CaCO3 18-25°C 4.8×10–9 P Calcium Chromate CaCrO4 18°C 2.3×10–2 L Calcium Fluoride CaF2 18°C 3.4×10–11 C, L Calcium Fluoride CaF2 25°C 3.95×10–11 C, L Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2 18°C-25°C 8×10–6 P Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2 25°C 5.02×10–6 w1 Calcium Iodate hexahydrate Ca(IO3)2 18°C 6.44×10–7 L Calcium Oxalate monohydrate CaC2O4 18°C 1.78×10–9 C, L Calcium Oxalate monohydrate CaC2O4 25°C 2.57×10–9 C, L Calcium Phosphate tribasic Ca3(PO4)2 25°C 2.07×10–33 w1 Calcium Sulfate CaSO4 10°C 6.1×10–5 C, L Calcium Sulfate CaSO4 25°C 4.93×10–5 w1 Calcium Tartrate dihydrate CaC4H4O6 18°C 7.7×10–7 C, L Chromium Hydroxide II Cr(OH)2 25°C 2×10–16 w2 Chromium Hydroxide III Cr(OH)3 25°C 6.3×10–31 w2 Cobalt Hydroxide II Co(OH)2 25°C 1.6×10–15 w2 Cobalt Sulfide (less soluble form) CoS 18°C 3×10–26 C, L Cobalt Sulfide (more soluble form) CoS 18°C-25°C 10–21 P Cupric Carbonate CuCO3 25°C 1×10–10 P Cupric Hydroxide Cu(OH)2 18°C-25°C 6×10–20 P Cupric Hydroxide Cu(OH)2 25°C 4.8×10–20 w1 Cupric Iodate Cu(IO3)2 25°C 1.4×10–7 C, L Cupric Oxalate CuC2O4 25°C 2.87×10–8 C, L Cupric Sulfide CuS 18°C 8.5×10–45 C, L Cuprous Bromide CuBr 18°C-20°C 4.15×10–8 C Cuprous Chloride CuCl 18°C-20°C 1.02×10–6 C Cuprous Hydroxide(in equilib. with Cu2O + H2O) Cu(OH) 25°C 2×10–15 w1 Cuprous Iodide CuI 18°C-20°C 5.06×10–12 C Cuprous Sulfide Cu2S 16°C-18°C 2×10–47 C, L Cuprous Thiocyanate CuSCN 18°C 1.64×10–11 C, L Ferric Hydroxide Fe(OH)3 18°C 1.1×10–36 C, L Ferrous Carbonate FeCO3 18°C-25°C 2×10–11 P Ferrous Hydroxide Fe(OH)2 18°C 1.64×10–14 C, L Ferrous Hydroxide Fe(OH)2 25°C 1×10–15; 8.0×10–16 P; w2 Ferrous Oxalate FeC2O4 25°C 2.1×10–7 C, L Ferrous Sulfide FeS 18°C 3.7×10–19 C, L Lead Bromide PbBr2 25°C 6.3×10–6; 6.60×10–6 P; w1 Lead Carbonate PbCO3 18°C 3.3×10–14 C, L Lead Chromate PbCrO4 18°C 1.77×10–14 C, L Lead Chloride PbCl2 25.2°C 1.0×10–4 L Lead Chloride PbCl2 18°C-25°C 1.7×10–5 P Lead Fluoride PbF2 18°C 3.2×10–8 C, L Lead Fluoride PbF2 26.6°C 3.7×10–8 C, L Lead Hydroxide Pb(OH)2 25°C 1×10–16; 1.43×10–20 P; w1 Lead Iodate Pb(IO3)2 18°C 1.2×10–13 C, L Lead Iodate Pb(IO3)2 25.8°C 2.6×10–13 C, L Lead Iodide PbI2 15°C 7.47×10–9 C Lead Iodide PbI2 25°C 1.39×10–8 C Lead Oxalate PbC2O4 18°C 2.74×10–11 C, L Lead Sulfate PbSO4 18°C 1.06×10–8 C, L Lead Sulfide PbS 18°C 3.4×10–28 C, L Lithium Carbonate Li2CO3 25°C 1.7×10–3 C, L Lithium Fluoride LiF 25°C 1.84×10–3 w1 Lithium Phosphate tribasic Li3PO4 25° 2.37×10–4 w1 Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate MgNH4PO4 25°C 2.5×10–13 C, L Magnesium Carbonate MgCO3 12°C 2.6×10–5 C, L Magnesium Fluoride MgF2 18°C 7.1×10–9 C, L Magnesium Fluoride MgF2 25°C 6.4×10–9 C, L Magnesium Hydroxide Mg(OH)2 18°C 1.2×10–11 C, L Magnesium Oxalate MgC2O4 18°C 8.57×10–5 C, L Manganese Carbonate MnCO3 18°C-25°C 9×10–11 P Manganese Hydroxide Mn(OH)2 18°C 4×10–14 C, L Manganese Sulfide (pink) MnS 18°C 1.4×10–15 C, L Manganese Sulfide (green) MnS 25°C 10–22 P Mercuric Bromide HgBr2 25°C 8×10–20 L Mercuric Chloride HgCl2 25°C 2.6×10–15 L Mercuric Hydroxide(equilib. with HgO + H2O) Hg(OH)2 25°C 3.6×10–26 w1 Mercuric Iodide HgI2 25°C 3.2×10–29 L Mercuric Sulfide HgS 18°C 4×10–53 to 2×10–49 C, L Mercurous Bromide HgBr 25°C 1.3×10–21 C, L Mercurous Chloride Hg2Cl2 25°C 2×10–18 C, L Mercurous Iodide HgI 25°C 1.2×10–28 C, L Mercurous Sulfate Hg2SO4 25°C 6×10–7; 6.5×10–7 P; w1 Nickel Hydroxide Ni(OH)2 25°C 5.48×10–16 w1 Nickel Sulfide NiS 18°C 1.4×10–24 C, L Nickel Sulfide (less soluble form) NiS 18°C-25°C 10–27 P Nickel Sulfide (more soluble form) NiS 18°C-25°C 10–21 P Potassium Acid Tartrate KHC4H4O6 18°C 3.8×10–4 C, L Potassium Perchlorate KClO4 25°C 1.05×10–2 w1 Potassium Periodate KIO4 25° 3.71×10–4 w1 Silver Acetate AgC2H3O2 16°C 1.82×10–3 L Silver Bromate AgBrO3 20°C 3.97×10–5 C, L Silver Bromate AgBrO3 25°C 5.77×10–5 C, L Silver Bromide AgBr 18°C 4.1×10–13 C, L Silver Bromide AgBr 25°C 7.7×10–13 C, L Silver Carbonate Ag2CO3 25°C 6.15×10–12 C, L Silver Chloride AgCl 4.7°C 0.21×10–10 C, L Silver Chloride AgCl 9.7°C 0.37×10–10 L Silver Chloride AgCl 25°C 1.56×10–10 C, L Silver Chloride AgCl 50°C 13.2×10–10 C, L Silver Chloride AgCl 100°C 21.5×10–10 C, L Silver Chromate Ag2CrO4 14.8°C 1.2×10–12 C, L Silver Chromate Ag2CrO4 25°C 9×10–12 C, L Silver Cyanide Ag2(CN)2 20°C 2.2×10–12 C, L Silver Dichromate Ag2Cr2O7 25°C 2×10–7 L Silver Hydroxide AgOH 20°C 1.52×10–8 C, L Silver Iodate AgIO3 9.4°C 0.92×10–8 C, L Silver Iodide AgI 13°C 0.32×10–16 C, L Silver Iodide AgI 25°C 1.5×10–16 C, L Silver Nitrite AgNO2 25°C 5.86×10–4 L Silver Oxalate Ag2C2O4 25°C 1.3×10–11 L Silver Sulfate Ag2SO4 18°C-25°C 1.2×10–5 P Silver Sulfide Ag2S 18°C 1.6×10–49 C, L Silver Thiocyanate AgSCN 18°C 0.49×10–12 C, L Silver Thiocyanate AgSCN 25°C 1.16×10–12 C, L Strontium Carbonate SrCO3 25°C 1.6×10–9 C, L Strontium Chromate SrCrO4 18°C-25°C 3.6×10–5 P Strontium Fluoride SrF2 18°C 2.8×10–9 C, L Strontium Oxalate SrC2O4 18°C 5.61×10–8 C, L Strontium Sulfate SrSO4 2.9°C 2.77×10–7 C, L Strontium Sulfate SrSO4 17.4°C 2.81×10–7 C, L Thallous Bromide TlBr 25°C 4×10–6 L Thallous Chloride TlCl 25°C 2.65×10–4 L Thallous Sulfate Tl2SO4 25°C 3.6×10–4 L Thallous Thiocyanate TlSCN 25°C; 2.25×10–4 L Tin Hydroxide Sn(OH)2 18°C-25°C 1×10–26 P Tin Hydroxide Sn(OH)2 25°C 5.45×10–27; 1.4×10–28 w1; w2 Tin(II) Sulfide SnS 25°C 10–28 P Zinc Hydroxide Zn(OH)2 18°C-20°C 1.8×10–14 C, L Zinc Oxalate dihydrate ZnC2O4 18°C 1.35×10–9 C, L Zinc Sulfide ZnS 18°C 1.2×10–23 C, L