Question

有一段论文简介需要翻译成英文。关于文化差异和国际市场营销的，万分感谢。（勿使用网络翻译词典）

随着国际投资的扩大以及国际贸易的发展，国际化和经济全球化的加速，企业争夺国际市场的竞争日趋激烈。无论是发达国家还是发展中国家，在取得本国经济增长和发展过程中，都已置身于国际市场中。许多跨国公司都在海外设立机构，并在全球范围内从事商业活动，经营销售活动也走上了国际化的道路。
营销的目的是通过消费者需求和欲望来实现利润，国际市场营销实际上就是一种跨文化交际。相较于国内市场营销，国际市场环境具有更大的复杂性，差异性，除了受到经济环境，政治环境，自然环境，人口环境，科技环境的影响之外，还受到了文化环境的影响。于是文化问题开始引起人们的关注。一家国际性杂志曾就“什么是在全球市场营销中的最大障碍”这个问题在全球范围内向国际营销人员询问，结果，在所列的八大障碍中，文化差异被列为榜首。
由于世界各民族在各自特定的历史和地理环境下逐渐形成了自己独有的文化，当不同文化背景的人相互交往时，就会产生差异，文化差异也带来了消费态度和消费行为的不同。这些文化差异影响消费者的需求，也影响消费者购买前后所作出的反应。用户拒绝或是接受某一产品或服务在很大程度上取决于认知，情感，行为的文化因素，因此企业必须了解市场消费者的价值取向，掌握消费者的购买心理，针对目标市场的文化特征及由此形成的消费偏好，恰当地安排营销组合，方能指定出有效的营销策略。
国际商务文献中记载，错误判断或忽视文化环境会造成很多错误和损失，而重视文化差异者，则会取得营销的成功。因此，研究分析文化差异对国际市场营销的影响不仅能够帮助企业成功打入外国市场，甚至还能够将本国文化推广至全球。
本文首先从文化的概念入手，分析对市场营销具有影响的文化因素；运用实际案例说明文化是如何起作用的；通过案例体会学习到文化差异对国际市场营销的重要影响；最后说明如何克服文化差异带来的负面影响，以提高企业在国际市场营销中的成功率。

Answer 1

自己再润色一下吧
With the expansion of international investment and international trade development, internationalization and acceleration of economic globalization, enterprises for the international market is becoming more competitive. Both developed and developing countries in achieving national economic growth and development, have exposure to international markets. Many multinational companies have set up offices overseas, and commercial activities worldwide, sales activity has also embarked on an international road.
Purpose of marketing is through consumer demand and the desire to profit, international marketing is actually a cross-cultural communication. Compared to domestic marketing, international market environment with greater complexity, diversity, in addition to the economic environment, political environment, natural environment, population, environment, science and technology environment, but also by the cultural environment. So cultural issues has begun to attract attention. Had an international magazine, "What is the global marketing of the biggest obstacles," this issue in international marketing personnel worldwide to ask, results, listed eight obstacles, cultural differences are classified as top.
As the nations of the world in their specific historical and geographical circumstances gradually formed its own unique culture, when people from different cultural backgrounds interact, they will have differences, cultural differences also brought consumer attitudes and consumer behavior of different . These cultural differences affect consumer demand, also affect the consumer response before and after purchase. User to accept or reject a product or service depends largely on the cognitive, emotional, behavioral and cultural factors, so companies must understand the market value of the consumer orientation, mastered the consumer's purchase psychology, the culture of the target market characteristics and thus the formation of consumer preferences, appropriate arrangements for the marketing mix, before being designated an effective marketing strategy.
International Business in the literature, misjudgment or ignore the cultural environment will cause a lot of mistakes and losses, those who attach importance to cultural differences, it will achieve marketing success. Therefore, research and analysis of cultural differences on the impact of international marketing to help companies successfully enter foreign markets, and even the ability to promote their own culture to the world.
In this paper, starting from the concept of culture, analysis of the marketing of cultural factors have an impact; the use of actual cases illustrate how the role of culture; through a case study to understand cultural differences on the important impact of international marketing; finally shows how to overcome cultural differences negative impact in the international market to improve the success rate of marketing.

Answer 2

　　As the nations of the world in their specific historical and geographical circumstances gradually formed its own unique culture, when people from different cultural backgrounds interact, they will have differences, cultural differences also brought consumer attitudes and consumer behavior of different . These cultural differences affect consumer demand, also affect the consumer response before and after purchase. User to accept or reject a product or service depends largely on the cognitive, emotional, behavioral and cultural factors, so companies must understand the market value of the consumer orientation, mastered the consumer's purchase psychology, the culture of the target market characteristics and thus the formation of consumer preferences, appropriate arrangements for the marketing mix, before being designated an effective marketing strategy.
　　International Business in the literature, misjudgment or ignore the cultural environment will cause a lot of mistakes and losses, those who attach importance to cultural differences, it will achieve marketing success. Therefore, research and analysis of cultural differences on the impact of international marketing to help companies successfully enter foreign markets, and even the ability to promote their own culture to the world.

Answer 3

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