Question

求人类翻译 机械工程专业英语

wear can be defied as the progressive loss of material from the operating surface of a body occurring as a result of relative motion at the surface.the problem of wear arises wherever there are load and motion between surfaces,and is therefore important in engineering practice,often being they major factor governing the life and performance of machine components.the major types of weare are described next:

adhesive wear.when two surfaces aree loaded against each other,the whole of the contact load ise carried on very small area of the asperity contacts,the real contact pressure ate these asperities is very high,and adhesion takes place between them.if a tangential force is applied to the model shown in Fig.16.1,shearing can take place either (a) at the interface or (b) below or above the interface,causing adhesive wear.because of factors such as strain hardening at the asperity contact,the adhesive bonds often are stronger than the base metals,thus,during sliding,fracture usually occurs in the weaker or softer component,and a wear fragment is generated.although this fragment is attach to the harder component(upper surface in Fig.16.1c),it eventually becomes detached during further rubbing at the interface and develops into a loose wear particle.

also known as oxidation or chemical wear，this type of wear is caused by chemical or electrochemical reactions between the surfaces wear particles in this type of wear。when the corrosive layer is destroyed or removed through sliding，another layer begins to form，and the process of removal and corrosive layer formation is repeated
fatigue wear is caused when the surface of a material is subjected to cyclic loading，one example of this is the rolling contact in bearings。the wear particles usually are formed through spalling or pitting。another type of fatigue wear is by thermal fatigue。cracks on the furface are generated by thermal stresses from thermal cycling，such as when a cool forging die repeatedly contacts hot workpieces。these cracks then join，and the surface begins to spall，producing fatigue wear。

Answer 1

wear can be defied as the progressive loss of material from the operating surface of a body occurring as a result of relative motion at the surface.the problem of wear arises wherever there are load and motion between surfaces,and is therefore important in engineering practice,often being they major factor governing the life and performance of machine components.the major types of weare are described next:
磨损是相应作用因素使物体作用面的材料逐渐损失的过程。只要两作用面间有载荷及位移就会引起磨损，它是工程实践中影响设备寿命及性能的重要因素。磨损有以下几种形式：

Adhesive wear
粘着磨损
when two surfaces are loaded against each other,the whole of the contact load is carried on very small area of the asperity contacts,the real contact pressure at these asperities is very high,and adhesion takes place between them.if a tangential force is applied to the model shown in Fig.16.1,shearing can take place either (a) at the interface or (b) below or above the interface,causing adhesive wear.because of factors such as strain hardening at the asperity contact,the adhesive bonds often are stronger than the base metals,thus,during sliding,fracture usually occurs in the weaker or softer component,and a wear fragment is generated.although this fragment is attach to the harder component(upper surface in Fig.16.1c),it eventually becomes detached during further rubbing at the interface and develops into a loose wear particle.
当很大的作用力作用在很小的粗糙作用面时会产生很高的接触压力，从而导致两作用面产生粘着磨损。如果在图16.1的模型中施加切向力，切应力会发生在（a）接触面内或（b）接触面下方或接触面上方，从而引起粘着磨损。因为有各种因素如“变形硬化”，使得的粘着力强于基材，所以较软的零件基材会在相互滑动时发生断裂，产生磨损碎片。虽然碎片粘着与较硬的材料（图16.1c中的上表面），在其后的摩擦中会掉落在作用面上并形成磨粒。

Corrosive wear
腐蚀磨损
Corrosive wear also known as oxidation or chemical wear，this type of wear is caused by chemical or electrochemical reactions between the surfaces wear particles in this type of wear。when the corrosive layer is destroyed or removed through sliding，another layer begins to form，and the process of removal and corrosive layer formation is repeated
腐蚀磨损也称为氧化或化学磨损，这种磨损是其作用面间的磨粒产生的化学或电化学反应引起的。当耐磨层在摩擦过程被毁坏时，下一层就开始被毁坏，一直重复下去。

Fatigue wear
疲劳磨损
fatigue wear is caused when the surface of a material is subjected to cyclic loading，one example of this is the rolling contact in bearings。the wear particles usually are formed through spalling or pitting。another type of fatigue wear is by thermal fatigue。cracks on the surface are generated by thermal stresses from thermal cycling，such as when a cool forging die repeatedly contacts hot workpieces。these cracks then join，and the surface begins to spall，producing fatigue wear。
疲劳磨损由物体表面的交变载荷引起的，其中一个例子是滚动轴承的滚动接触，其磨粒由碎裂或凹陷产生。另一种疲劳磨损是由热疲劳引起的。物体表面的裂纹由交变热循环引起，如低温锻模重复接触热工件。其后的裂纹累加会产生疲劳磨损。

注：磨损包括五种：Adhesive wear（粘着磨损）、Abrasive wear（磨削磨损）、Corrosive wear（腐蚀磨损）、Fatigue wear（疲劳磨损）、其它。你这篇少Abrasive wear磨削磨损。

Answer 2

穿能抗拒的逐步丧失的材料,从经营一个物体的表面现象在表面上的相对运动造成的。存在的磨损问题出现在一切有面之间的负荷和运动,因此是重要的工程实践中,通常是他们生活的主要因素和性能控制机器零件。我们的主要形式是后续描述:
胶粘剂磨损。当两个表面阿瑞装载相互对抗,整个接触载荷噪音进行研究非常小面积的联系,真正的接触压力形吃这些非常高,和附着力之间发生。如果一个切向力加在模型显示在Fig.16.1,剪切可以发生要么(a)的接口或(b)高于或者低于这个界面,使胶粘剂磨损。由于应变硬化等因素在研究接触、粘剂往往比贱金属,因此,在滑动、骨折通常发生于软弱的和软的组成部分,一个戴碎片是怎样产生的。虽然这片段是附在努力成分(在Fig.16.1c表层),它最终会成为分离过程中摩擦在界面处、进一步发展成一个松散的磨损微粒。
也被称为氧化或化学穿,这种类型的磨损是由于化学或电化学反应在表面磨损颗粒在这种类型的wear.when腐蚀层是通过滑动破坏或除掉,另一层开始形式,并去除的过程和腐蚀层的形成是重复
疲劳磨损时造成的材料表面的受循环加载下的一个例子,这是在bearings.the滚动接触磨损颗粒剥落或通过通常形成pitting.another类型的疲劳磨损是由热fatigue.cracks产生的热应力furface从热循环,例如,当一个凉爽多次接触热锻模workpieces.these裂缝那么加入,并开始辊子表面,产生疲劳磨损。

Answer 3

defied?是不是defined。
磨损可定义为物体操作表面材料的累积损失，为表面相对运动结果所致。哪里的表面有载荷和运动，哪里便有磨损问题出现。因而磨损问题在工程实际中很重要，常是控制机器零件寿命和性能的主要因素。磨损的几种主要形式介绍如下：
粘附磨损。当两个表面相互接触承重时，整个的接触载荷作用在粗糙表面的一个很小的区域，故在这些粗糙表面的真正的接触压力很大，它们之间便发生粘附。如果把一个切向力施加在图16.1的模型上，剪切不是发生在分界面上（a），就是发生在其下面或上面（b），从而导致粘附磨损。由于各种因素，比如粗糙接触面硬化的压力，粘附连接常比本体金属更坚硬，因此，在这更弱或更软的部件上常会发生滑动或者断裂，产生磨损的部分。尽管这个部分连接在更硬的部件上（图16.1的上表面），但分界面的进一步摩擦最终将使它分离，变成一个松散的磨损零件。

追问

伊豆你好 defied打错了 就是defined！
还有最后also known as 这两段也翻译一下吧！

追答

因为之前没时间，所以不得不分开了翻译，看来只能到明天左右才能翻完，如果楼主比较急的话，看看其他高手能否助你。

追问

没关系 我等你 我星期五交！

追答

也被称为氧化或化学磨损，这类的磨损是由接触面间的化学或者电化学反应导致的。当腐蚀层由于滑动而毁坏或去除时，表面又会开始形成新的腐蚀层，就这样，腐蚀层的去除和形成的过程一直重复着。
当一种材料的表面受到循环载荷时便导致疲劳磨损，例如轴承间的滚动接触。这类磨损颗粒常由凹坑或点蚀形成。另一种疲劳磨损是由于热疲劳。接触表面上的裂纹由从来自热循环的热压力而产生的，比如当一种冷的锻模不断的接触热工件。这些裂纹会相互连接，表面便开始碎裂，产生疲劳磨损。

注意：以上译文均来自本人，很有些错误或不当之处，请不吝指教。

Answer 4

人