Question

高分悬赏，请英语翻译高手进来！（翻译下面的文章）

弊:1) 克隆将减少遗传变异，通过克隆产生的个体具有同样的遗传基因，同样的疾病敏感性，一种疾病就可以毁灭整个由克隆产生的群体。 可以设想，如果一个国家的牛群都是同一个克隆产物，一种并不严重的病毒就可能毁灭全国的畜牧业。
2) 克隆技术的使用将使人们倾向于大量繁殖现有种群中最有利用价值的个体，而不是按自然规律促进整个种群的优胜劣汰。从这个意义上说，克隆技术干扰了自然进化过程.
3) 克隆技术是一种昂贵的技术，需要大量的金钱和生物专业人士的参与，失败率非常高。多莉就是277次实验唯一的成果。虽然现在发展出了更先进的技术，成功率也只能达到2-3%。
4) 转基因动物提高了疾病传染的风险。例如，如果一头生产药物牛奶的牛感染了病毒，这种病毒就可能通过牛奶感染病人
5) 克隆技术应用于人体将导致对后代遗传性状的人工控制。克隆技术引起争论的核心就是能否允许对发育初期的人类胚胎进行遗传操作。这是很多伦理学家所不能接受的。
6) 克隆技术也可用来创造“超人”，或拥有健壮的体格却智力低下的人。而且，如果克隆技术能够在人类中有效运用，男性也就失去了遗传上的意义。
7) 克隆技术对家庭关系带来的影响也将是巨大的。一个由父亲的DNA克隆生成的孩子可以看作父亲的双胞胎兄弟，只不过延迟了几十年出生而已。很难设想，当一个人发现自己只不过是另外一个人的完全复制品，他（或她）会有什么感受？
一是生态层面，克隆技术导致的基因复制，会威胁基因多样性的保持，生物的演化将出现一个逆向的颠倒过程，即由复杂走向简单，这对生物的生存是极为不利的。二是文化层面，克隆人是对自然生殖的替代和否定，打破了生物演进的自律性，带有典型的反自然性质。与当今正在兴起的祟尚天人合一、回归自然的基本文化趋向相悖。三是哲学层面，通过克隆技术实现人的自我复制和自我再现之后，可能导致人的身心关系的紊乱。人的不可重复性和不可替代性的个性规定因大量复制而丧失了唯一性，丧失了自我及其个性特征的自然基础和生物学前提。

Answer 1

Shortcoming: 1) will clone reduces the hereditary change, will produce the individual through the clone to have the similar heredity gene, the similar disease sensitivity, one kind of disease might destroy entire the community which will produce by the clone. May conceive, if a national cow group all is the identical clone product, one kind of not serious virus on possibly destroys national the animal husbandry.
2) The clone technology use will cause the people to favor most has the use value individual in the massive reproduction existing population, but will not be promotes the entire population's superior win and the inferior wash out according to the natural law.In this sense, the clone technology has disturbed the natural evolution process.
3) The clone technology is one kind of expensive technology, needs the massive moneys and the biological professional's participation, the failure rate is extremely high.Multi-Li is 277 experimental only achievements.Although the present developed a more advanced technology, the success ratio also only could achieve 2-3%.
4) Transferred the gene animal to enhance the risk which disease infected.For example, if a production medicine milk cow infected the virus, this kind of virus on possibly infects the patient through the milk
5) The clone technology will apply in the human body causes to the descendant hereditary feature manual control.The clone technology gives rise to controversy whether is the core allows to the growth initial period human embryo to carry on the heredity operation.This is very many moral philosophers cannot accept.
6) The clone technology also available creates “the superhuman”, or has the vigorous and healthy physique actually intelligence low person.Moreover, if the clone technology can in the humanity the effective utilization, the male has also lost in the heredity significance.
7) The clone technology the influence which will bring to the diplomatic relation also will be huge.May regard as the father by father's DNA clone production child twin brothers, retarded several dozens years birth.Very difficult tentative plan, when a person discovered oneself is other person's complete replica, what he (or can she) have to feel?

Answer 2

Disadvantages : 1) cloning will reduce the genetic variability through the cloning of individual genes is the same, the sensitivity of the same disease, a disease can destroy the entire cloned by the group. We can imagine that if a country's cattle are with a clone, not a serious virus may destroy the country's livestock industry.
2) the use of cloning technology will enable people tend to multiply the existing population, which has the most value to the individual, rather than the entire population of nature for the survival of the fittest. In this sense, cloning technology interferes with the natural evolutionary process.
3) Cloning technology is an expensive technology, requiring large amounts of money and biological professionals participating, the failure rate is very high. Dolly is the only 277 experiment results. Although the development of more advanced technology, the success rate will only reach 2-3%.
4) transgenic animals raise the risk of disease transmission. For example, if a drug milk production in cattle infected with the virus that may be infected patients through milk
5) Human cloning technology for future generations will lead to genetic traits of manual control. Cloning technology at the core dispute is whether to allow the development of early human embryos for genetic operation. This is what many ethicists are unacceptable.
6) cloning technology can also be used to create a "Superman" or to have a healthy physical but mental retardation people. Moreover, if the cloning technique in humans to the effective use of men lost their genetic significance.
7) cloning techniques on family relations the impact will be enormous. From a father's DNA cloning generation children can be seen as his father's twin brother, but was delayed for several decades it was born. Hard to imagine that when a person is found only one person is another copy of the complete, he (or she) do we feel?

Answer 3

1) The gram 隆 has the individual for reducing to same heredity gene, same disease sensitivity, a kind of disease can demolish whole from the gram 隆 output community. Can establish a herding industry.
2) The gram 隆 technical usage will make people incline toward to breed existing kinds in great quantities in the most beneficial use worth individual, not press natural regulation to promote the whole championship of kind inferior discard.Say from this meaning, the gram 隆 technique interference the nature evolve process.
3) Gram 隆 technique is a 277 test the only result.Although now developed the forerunner's technique more, success rate also can attain 2-3%.
4)Turning the gene animal raised the risk of disease infection.For example, if a head of produced the cow of medicine milk to infect virus, this kind of virus might pass a milk infection patient
5) The gram 隆 technique should teach mankind's embryo of initial stage to carry on a heredity operation.These are a lot of ethicses to learn a house to can't accept.
6) The gram 隆 technique can also use to create "superman", or own strong physical stature but intelligence a lowly person.And, if the gram 隆 technique can make use of effectively in the mankind, the male also loses heredity up of meaning.
7) Gram 隆 technique to family