新概念英语第2册Lesson52~54重点内容解析
新概念英语第2册Lesson52重点内容解析
重要句型或语法
1、现在完成进行时
该时态是第二册区别与第一册，新增出来的时态。主要用来表示过去发生的动作，持续到现在，而且还会继续持续下去。如：
I have been working hard all morning.
I have been trying to get my new room in order.
2、同源副词
所谓“同源副词”指的是某些形容词同时具有两个不同形式的副词，而且含义不一样。比如：形容词deep有两个副词，即deep(物理意义上的深的)和deeply(抽象意义上的深深地)，比如：
The cave is very deep. (这个洞穴很深。)
They are deep in love with each other.(他俩相互深爱着对方。)
课文主要语言点
We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning. 1)本句话是对比现在完成时和现在完成进行时的典型例子。前半句用了现在完成时，因为要表达的是刚刚搬进了新家，而后半句用了现在完成进行时，是因为要表达整个上午一直都在忙着。 2)move into...，搬进某处。注意与move in(搬进，不及物，后面不接宾语)和move to...(搬到某地，是较大的地点名称)的区别。 3)hard，努力地，是个副词。注意该词源于形容词hard(努力的)，需要注意区分副词hard和hardly(几乎不)。 4)all morning，整个上午，相当于all the morning。注意“all+时间”表示持续的一段时间，是进行时的标志。
I have been trying to get my new room in order. 1)本句话之所以也采用了现在完成进行时，是因为这句话时紧接着上句话中所说的have been working all morning，解释到底在忙什么。 2)get...in order，把...整理好。be in order，井然有序。相反的表达的是：be out of order。
This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books. 1)句中的This has not been easy可以改为It is not easy，因为该句要表达的是要做好这件事情不容易的客观事实。 2)own，拥有。该词也可以用作形容词，表示“自己的”。其常用的短语是：on one's own，独自、独立。
To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor. 1)to make matters worse，固定短语，表示“更糟糕的是...” 2)rather，非常、相当。该词一般用来修饰贬义的或消极的形容词或副词，和它意思相同但用法反的是fairly，该词主要用来修饰褒义的或是积极的形容词或副词。 3)temporarily，暂时地、临时地。源自形容词temporary(暂时的、临时的)。
At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room. 1)at the moment，此刻、现在。相当于now。 2)cover，占据、覆盖。 3)every inch of+地点，表示“某个地方全是...” 4)space，空间。 5)actually，实际上。源自形容词actual(实际上的)。
A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. 1)a short while，一会儿。while相当于moment。 2)up the stairs，上楼。
She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor. 1)get a big surprise，感到很惊讶。 2)注意all those books中的all起强调作用。
This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said. 1)This is the+级+名词+sb. has/have ever done，表示“这是某人见过的或做过的最...的...”。名词后面省略了关系代词that。 2)carpet，地毯(用来踩的)。注意与blanket(毛毯，用来盖的)的区别。
She gazed at it for some time then added, 'You don't need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!' 1)gaze at。注视、凝视。相当于stare at。 2)句中的then added前面加上and。add，补充道、接着说。 3)not...at all，根本不、一点也不。 4)in one's spare time，在业余时间。 5)read the carpet，此处的carpet指的是作者的over a thousand books。
新概念英语第2册Lesson53重点内容解析
重要句型或语法
时态复习
本课主要对比复习一般过去时、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的用法。比如：
I stayed at this hotel five years ago.
Have you ever stayed at his hotel?
I have been staying at this hotel for three weeks.
课文主要语言点
At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. 1)注意at last放在句首，突出了后面发生的事情，具有强调作用。 2)put out，扑灭、熄灭。 3)a big forest fire，森林大火。
Since then, they ahve been trying to find out how the fire began. 1)since then，自从那之后。这是完成时的标志性时间状语。 2)本句的谓语动词try采用了现在完成进行时，说明消防员一直都在努力扑火。 3)find out，查清楚、弄明白。 4)how the fire began，在句中用作find out的宾语。注意虽然这句话时问句，但因为被用作了从句，所以要恢复正常语序。此外，要注意begin用了一般过去时，是因为作者想表达的意思是：火在过去是怎么烧起来的。
Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. 1)本句话采用了一般现在时，是因为在阐述客观事实。 2)which引导的是限定性定语从句，修饰先行词broken glass和cigarette。 3)carelessly，马虎地、不小心地。相反的表达是carefully。 4)throw away，丢弃、丢掉。
Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass. 1)examine，检查、检测。其动作名词为examination，可简写为exam;表人的名词为examiner。 2)注意but后面省略了they，因为前后主语是一致的。
They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. 1)be sure of/about sth.，对...很肯定。如果后接句子，则用法为：be sure that...。 2)start，引起。
This morning, however, a firemen accidentally discovered the cause. 1)注意however可以放在句首、句中和句末，但：在句首时，后面要用逗号隔开;在句中时，前后都要用逗号隔开;在句末时，前面要用逗号隔开。 2)accidentally，偶然地。该词源自accident(偶然性或突发性事故)。 3)discover，发现、探索。注意该词的构词方式为：dis-+cover，其中的c在发音时要浊化为[g]。其名词形式为discovery。 4)cause，起因。该词可以用作动词，表示“导致”。
He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line. 1)notice，注意到。该词可以用作名词，表示“通知;告示”。 2)remains，尸体、残骸。 3)which引导的是限定性定语从句，修饰先行词a snake。 4)wind round，缠绕在...上。注意wind在此用作动词，其中的i的发音为[aɪ]，要注意wind作为名词中的i的发音为[ɪ]。此外，还要注意的是作为动词的wind，其过去式为wound，但其中的ou发音为[au]，要注意与名词wound(伤口)的发音区别，其中的ou发音为[u:]。 5)electric，带电的。其名词为electricity。 6)power line，电力线。
In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. 1)in this way，通过这个办法。 2)be able to，好不容易得以、能够。 3)solve the mystery，解决谜团。
The explanation was simple but very unusual. 1)explanation，解释。源自动词explain。 2)simple，简单的。注意与easy的区别：simple侧重事情显而易见，不难懂;而easy侧重事情的难度小，容易做。 3)unusual，不寻常的。源自usual。
A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires. The sanke then wound itself round the wires. 1)snatch up，抓起。 2)drop，丢掉、丢弃。注意其过去式要双写p。 3)wind oneself round，缠绕在...上面。
When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire. 1)注意句中的did so是指前文的wound itself round the wires。 2)spark，电火花。 3)start a fire，引起火灾。
新概念英语第2册Lesson54重点内容解析
重要句型或语法
1、冠词
本课继续学习冠词的用法。本课侧重的是定冠词the的用法：
1)定冠词+形容词，表示一类人或物;
2)“定冠词+名词”与不加定冠词的区别;
3)定冠词+级。如：
The rich should help the poor.
The school in our village was built last year.
The children went to school early this morning.
It is the most interesting exhibition I have ever seen.
【推荐阅读】
有关冠词的用法，请参考下面的文章：
图解《新概念英语》语法之冠词
2、some与any
本课侧重的是some与any修饰不可数名词时的用法，主要对比的是一般疑问句和肯定句中的用法。如：
Did you do any work yesterday? I did some work before breakfast.
课文主要语言点
After breakfast, I sent the children to school and then I went to the shops. 1)注意对比sent the children to school(school前不用任何冠词)和went to the shops(shops前加了定冠词)的区别。 2)send sb. to somwhere，送某人去某处。 3)go to the shops，固定短语，去购物。
It was still early when I returned home. 注意home的短语用法，大多数情况下，home作为副词，所以前面都不接介词，如go home、arrive home、come home等。例外情况有：stay at home、be at home。
The children were at school, my husband was at work and the house was quiet. So I decided to make some meat pies. 1)注意本句话采用排比句式，都是主系表结构，具有一定的强调效果。 2)be at school，上学。be at work，工作。注意school和work前面都不加任何冠词。 3)quiet，安静的。注意拼写，不要跟quite(非常，很)混淆了。 4)decide to do sth.，决定、决心做某事。
In a short time I was busy mixing butter and flour and my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry. 1)in a short time，很快。注意“in+一段时间”一般都表示将来时间。 2)be busy doing，忙于做某事。 3)be covered with，覆盖着、满是。 4)sticky，粘的。源自动词stick(附着)。
At exactly that moment, the telephone rang. Nothing could have been more annoying. 1)at exactly that moment，就在那时。exactly，正是、就是。 2)注意比较级的否定结构其实表达的是级。本句话Nothing could have been more annoying可以作为常用句型来用。当我们要表达对过去事情的性质评论时，就可以用Nothing could have been more ...来表达。 3)annoying，令人恼火的。源自动词annoy(使恼火)。
I picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers and was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Helen Bates. 1)pick up，拿起。注意该短语还可以表达“养成;习得;用车载”等意思。 2)receiver，听筒。 3)dismayed，感到沮丧的、失望的。 4)recognize，意识到、辨认出。注意该词的重音在第一个音节。
It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later. At last I hung up the receiver. 1)It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.，某人花了多少时间做某事。注意对比take、pay、cost和spend的用法差异。 2)persuade sb. to do sth.，劝某人做某事。 3)ring back，再打电话。 4)at last，最后。在本句中，作者用at last表达出了当时她终于得以挂断电话的舒畅心情。 5)hang up the receiver，挂断电话。
What a mess! There was pastry on my fingers, on the telephone, and on the doorknobs. 1)What a mess!，感叹句，意思为“多乱啊!)。相当于How messy! 2)doorknob，球形门把手。
I had no sooner got back to hte kitchen than the doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead. 1)no sooner...than...一...就...。注意该句型一般都用来描述过去发生的事情，no sooner所在的主句动作采用过去完成时，而than引导的从句动作则采用一般过去时。该句型相当于hardly...when...。 2)loud enough to wake the dead，响声足以把死人吵醒。可作为固定句型，用来表达声音之大。
This time it was the postman and he wanted me to sign for a registered letter! 1)it was the postman：当我们不知道对方是谁的时候，经常用it来指代。 2)sign for sth.，签收某物。 3)a registered letter，挂号信。
