Question

求英语高手帮忙看几个英语句子，说明一下句子的语法结构！

1、Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J.Sternberg.
necessary to succeed in school and in life是elements 的定语吗？是不定式结构作定语还是省略了which is的定语从句？
2、People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant ,who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old;that gave her an IQ of 228---the highest score ever recorded.
请高手指点一下句子结构
3、The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value ,which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.
which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.是个非限制性定语从句吗？如果是，它修饰的是哪个词呢？

Answer 1

1.我觉得这个句子是不定式结构作定语，necessary to succeed in school and in life修饰elements，necessary是个副词，像形容词、副词和介词短语等在分析句子成分时，完全可以先无视他们，你把它们遮住就好辨认句子的成分和整个句子的结构了。
2.我是这样认为的：第一个逗号之前的分句是个被动语态，who引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，分号后面的句子与它前面的非限制性定语从句是承接关系，表示这次考试的结果。
3.我认为which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.是个非限制性定语从句，它修饰的是前句中的ability。

Answer 2

Such standardized tests (S) may not assess (V) all the important elements (O) <necessary> [to succeed in school and in life], argues (V) Robert J.Sternberg (S).
整句主语为句末的人名，谓语是argues。前面全部是宾语从句。剩下的成分标在上面了。需要注意的是，这里necessary作elements的后置定语（后置的原因是有代词all），而后面的to succeed ...是不定式表示目的，二者不能连在一起考虑。
整句翻译：罗伯特·J·斯特恩伯格则辩称：这样标准化的测试可能不会评估出为了在学校和生活中的成功所不可或缺的所有重要的元素。

People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who, at age 10, had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 - the highest score ever recorded.
人们被邀请来拜访玛里琳·沃斯·沙万特，她年仅十岁，却测试出与23岁左右的人同样的心理水平；这一水平使他的智商达到228——这是有记录以来的最佳成绩。

Answer 3

1. necessary是elements的后置定语，to succeed in school and in life是表目的的状语。
2. who 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，对Marilyn vos Savant的情况进行追述。
3. which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.是个非限制性定语从句，对整个句所表达的意思，进行追述。

Answer 4

1、necessary to succeed in school and in life是elements 的定语，是省略了which is的定语从句。
2、【People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant】（主句）,【who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old】（非限定性定语从句，先行词是前面的人名）;【that gave her an IQ of 228---the highest score ever recorded】（非限定性定语从句，先行词是前面的从句）
Marilyn vos Savant在10岁时检测智商，智商达到了某个23岁人的水平。
上文这一点让他得到的智商是228.
3、The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.
which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.是个非限制性定语从句，修饰market value.