Question

请将下面的翻译一下！！！！谢谢了

一、回收物流的概念
目前，理论界对回收物流的概念表述很多，但总的说来，可以将回收物流分为狭义回收物流和广义回收物流两类概念。
根据《中华人民共和国国家质量标准物流术语》，所谓回收物流（returned logistics）是指不合格物品的返修、退货以及周转使用的包装容器从需方返回至供方所形成的物品实体流动。
广义的回收物流（reverse logistics）除了包括狭义回收物流的内容以外，还包括废弃物物流。
二、回收物流的分类与特点
（一）回收物流的分类
回收物流根据分类的依据和标准的不同，可以分为不同的类别。
1．按照回收物品的渠道来分
按照回收物品的渠道可分为退货逆向物流和回收逆向物流两部分（如图7-1所示）。退货逆向物流是指下游顾客将不符合订单要求的产品退回给上游供应商，其流程与常规产品流向正好相反。回收逆向物流是指将最终顾客所持有的废旧物品回收到供应链上各节点企业，它包括五种物资流：直接再售产品流（回收、检验、配送）；再加工产品流（回收、检验、再加工）；再加工零部件流（回收、检验、分拆、再加工）；报废产品流（回收、检验、处理）；报废零部件流（回收、检验、分拆、处理）。具体见网络示意图。
回收逆向物流主要包括以下几个环节：
（1）回收
回收是将顾客所持有的产品通过有偿或无偿的方式返回销售方。这里的销售方可能是供应链上任何一个节点，如来自顾客的产品可能返回到上游的供应商、制造商，也可能是下游的配送商、零售商。
（2）检验与处理决策
该环节是对回收品的功能进行测试分析，并根据产品结构特点以及产品和各零部件的性能确定可行的处理方案，包括直接再销售、再加工后销售、分拆后零部件再利用和产品或零部件报废处理等。然后，对各方案进行成本效益分析，确定最优处理方案。
（3）分拆
按产品结构的特点将产品分拆成零部件。
（4）再加工
对回收产品或分拆后的零部件进行加工，恢复其价值。
（5）报废处理
对那些没有经济价值或严重危害环境的回收品或零部件，通过机械处理、地下掩埋或焚烧等方式进行销毁。西方国家对环保要求越来越高，而后两种方式会对环境带来一些不利影响，如占用土地、污染空气等。因此，目前西方国家主要采取机械处理的方式。
2．按照回收物流材料的物理属性分
按照回收物流材料的物理属性可分为钢铁和有色金属制品回收物流、橡胶制品回收物流、木制品回收物流、玻璃制品回收物流等。
3．按成因、途径和处置方式及其产业形态来分
根据成因、途径和处置方式的不同，回收物流可分为投诉退货、终端使用退回、商业退回、维修退回、生产报废与副品，以及包装六大类别。表7-1中列出了这六类典型的回收物流。它们普遍存在于企业的经营活动中，其涉及的部门从采购、配送、仓储、生产、营销到财务部门。因此，从事回收物流管理的经理需要完成大量协调、安排、处置、管理与跟踪的工作，企业才能完成资源的价值再生。然而在许多企业，回收物流的管理却往往被忽视或简单化，甚至被认为是多余的。

Answer 1

The concept of a, returned logistics
At present, the theoretical circles on the recovery of the concept of logistics expression a lot, but on the whole, can be divided into special recycling returned logistics logistics and generalized returned logistics two concepts.
According to the law of the People's Republic national quality standard logistics term ", the so-called recovery logistics (returned logistics) is to point to unqualified item repair, return money and packaging container that turnover use from the buyer to the seller returns by the formation of the article entity flow.
Generalized returned logistics (reverse logistics) in addition to include special returned logistics content, but also including waste material logistics.
Second, the classification and the characteristic of recycling logistics
(a) the classification of returned logistics
According to the classification recycling logistics basis and standard of different, can be divided into different categories.
1. According to recycle channel to points
According to recycle channel can be divided into return reverse logistics and reverse logistics is two parts (as shown in figure shows). Return the reverse logistics is refers to the customer will not comply with the order downstream products returned to the requirements of the suppliers, the process and the conventional products to just the opposite. Reverse logistics is to point to will eventually customer of a recovery in the supply chain to waste items each node enterprise, it includes five cash-flow: direct again sold products flow (recycling, inspection, distribution); Then processed products flow (recycling, inspection, and processing); Then processing parts flow (recovery, inspection, split, and processing); To discard the product flow (recycling, inspection, processing); Scrap parts flow (recovery, inspection, split, processing). Specific see network diagram.
Reverse logistics is mainly includes the following link:
(1) recovery
Recycling is held by the customer the product through the paid or not way back to a sale. Here's a sale on supply chain may be any a node, such as from the customer's products may return to the upstream of the suppliers, manufacturers, also may be downstream distribution business, the retailers.
(2) test and treatment decisions
This link is to recycle the function of the product were tested, and according to the product structure characteristics and the performance of the products and parts to determine the feasible scheme, including direct again again after sales, processing sales, split parts reuse after products or components and disposal, etc. Then, the plan cost benefit analysis, to determine the best treatment plan.
(3) split
According to the characteristics of the product structure products will be split into parts.
(4) to processing
To reclaim product or a spin-off of the parts were after processing, restore its value.
(5) disposal
For those with no economic value or serious damage to the environment of the recovery product or parts, by mechanical processing, underground buried or burned on eliminating ways. Western countries to the environmental protection request more and more high, and then two ways will bring some adverse impact on the environment, such as occupied land, air pollution, etc. Therefore, the present western countries adopt mechanical the means of processing.
2. According to the recovery of the physical attributes points logistics materials
According to the recovery of the physical attributes of logistics materials can be divided into ferrous and nonferrous metal products returned logistics, rubber products returned logistics, wood returned logistics, glass products returned logistics, etc.
3. According to the cause of formation, ways and disposal method and industry form to points
According to the cause of formation, way and the different methods of disposal, recycling logistics can be divided into complaints return, return, commercial use terminal returned, maintenance return, scrap production and FuPin, and packaging six categories. Table lists the six typical returned logistics. They are widespread in the enterprise management activity, the departments involved from the purchase, distribution and inventory, production, marketing to finance department. Therefore, engaged in recycling logistics management of the managers need to do a great deal arrange and coordinate, disposal, management and tracking work, enterprise to complete the value of resource regeneration. However, in many enterprises, recycling of logistics management is often neglected or simplistic, and even think is redundant.

由于文章过长，机译，见谅

Answer 2

First, recycling logistics concept
At present, the theoretical circle recycling logistics concept a lot, but in General, recycling logistics can be divided into narrow two types of generalized recovery of returned logistics and logistics concepts.
According to the People's Republic of China national quality standards of logistics terms, the so-called recovery logistics (returned logistics) refers to the unqualified goods packaging container repair, returns as well as working capital from demand-side returned to the supplier entity formed by flows.
Generalized recycling logistics (reverse logistics) in addition to special contents of returned logistics, including waste material logistics.
Second, the classification and characteristics of returned logistics
(A) classification of returned logistics
Recycle logistics according to the basis and criteria for the classification of different, can be divided into different categories.
1. According to the recycling channels
According to the recycling channels return of reverse logistics reverse logistics and recycling can be divided into two parts (as shown in Figure 7-1). Reverse logistics return refers to the customer will not meet the requirements of the order of the lower product returns to the upstream provider, it is the opposite process flow of general product. Recovery reverse logistics is means will eventually customers by holds of waste articles recovery to supply chain Shang all node enterprise, it include five species material flow: directly then sales products flow (recovery, and inspection, and distribution); then processing products flow (recovery, and inspection, and then processing); then processing parts flow (recovery, and inspection, and split, and then processing); scrap products flow (recovery, and inspection, and processing); scrap parts flow (recovery, and inspection, and split, and processing). See in particular the network diagram.
Recovery of reverse logistics mainly includes the following parts:
(1) recycling
Recycle was held by customer product returns by paid or unpaid seller. Here the seller may be any one of the nodes of the supply chain, such as products from the customer may return upstream suppliers, manufacturers, distribution outlets, retailers may also be lower.
(2) inspection and disposal decisions
The link is on the recovery of functional test analysis, and according to the product structure characteristics and performance of products and components to determine viable treatment plan, including direct sales, sales, after reprocessing after splitting parts or parts and scrap reuse and product handling. Then, on the programme to conduct cost-benefit analysis, optimal treatment plan.
(3) split
Features of products into parts by product.
(4) processing
Product recall or broken up for parts after machining, restoring its value.
(5) scrap handling
For those who have no economic value of recycled products or components or seriously harms the environment, through mechanical treatment, underground burial or burning, and other ways to destroy. Increasingly high demands of environmental protection in Western countries, which will be some adverse impact on the environment in two ways, such as land, pollutes the air, and so on. Therefore, it is mainly take the form of mechanical treatment of Western countries.
2. Follow the recovery logistics material physical properties
Follow the recovery logistics material physical properties of iron and steel and non-ferrous metal products can be divided into recycling logistics logistics, wood recycling, rubber recycling, such as logistics, glass recycling logistics.
3. By cause, approaches, and management and industry forms
According to the different causes, ways and disposal, recycling logistics returns, complaints can be divided into the terminal using commercial maintenance surrender, surrender, surrender, production waste and duplication, as well as packing six categories. These six categories are listed in table 7-1 typical of returned logistics. They generally exist in the enterprise's business activities, the departments involved in procurement, distribution, storage, production and marketing to finance. Therefore, the Recovery Manager need to do a large amount of coordination of logistics management, organization, process, manage and track the work of the value of enterprise to complete resource regeneration. However in many enterprise, recycling logistics management has often been neglected or simplistic, even considered to be superfluous.