Question

求句子翻译,不要机译~

1.Given that there is a living to be made at night, and given that alternative daytime trades are thoroughly occupied, natural selection has favoured bats that make a go of the night-hunting trade. given that 在这里翻译成什么最好？什么用法？
2.In any event, whether ot not the reason is the energy expense, it seems to be the case that, with the possible exception of some weird deep-sea fish, no animal apart from man uses manufactured light to find its way about. it seems to be the case that是什么意思？
3.Experiments showed that, in fact, facial vision is nothing to do with touch or the front of the face, although the sensation may be referred to the front of the face, like the referred pain in a phantom limb. 这里的referred是什么意思？like the referred pain in a phantom limb是什么意思？

谢谢~~

Answer 1

1. 既然如此 （如此即：后头的that 从句），所以Given that一般来说即是：既然....., 那么......
2. 事情似乎是这样....，情况看起来像是...。
3. refer to是短语，意为指..., 指的是...。

referred pain in a phantom limb可以理解为phantom limb pain，即被截肢后，该幻肢（因已被截除但病人仍认为其存在）仍感觉疼痛的那种错觉。

Answer 2

有了一个生活是晚上做的，并且其他日间交易完全占领，自然选择有蝙蝠去做的night-hunting贸易。鉴于

在任何事件，是否或不是原因是能源费用，它似乎是如此，除了可能有一些奇怪的深海鱼，没有动物除了男子利用制造光找到自己的路。它似乎是如此
实验表明，事实上，面部是没有接触或前面的脸，虽然感觉可能是指前面的脸，像幻肢的牵涉性疼痛。这里的称是什么意思？像幻肢的牵涉性疼痛是什么意思

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呃... 这是机译么....