考研英语阅读长句难句300句连载-12
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2004年考研英语阅读理解Part A
Text 2
6. This,for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage,refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
「译文」 对于尚未意识到其不利之处的人来说,它指的是对那些姓氏起头字母位于字母表后半部的人的歧视。
「析句」 句子的主干是this refers to discrimination.for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage是一个作状语的介词短语,unaware of such a disadvantage作those的定语。全句的宾语是discrimination+介词短语(against those),whose surnames…the alphabet是修饰those的定语从句。
「讲词」 refer作不及物动词意思是“参考,查询”。For further information,please refer to our website.(如需了解详情,请浏览我们的网站。)另一个常用的意思表示“提及,谈及”。He was referring to his experiences in Tibet.(他正谈及他在西藏的经历。)
discriminate(或discrimination)表示歧视常跟介词against.注意discriminate(或discrimination)的基本意思是“区别对待”,有时表示to be able to tell the difference(s)。You must in your writing discriminate between facts and opinions.或You must in your writing discriminate facts from opinions.(你在写作时应该分清事实和观点。)
7. It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA Cars has a big advantage over Zodiac Cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.
「译文」 人们早已知道在客户翻阅电话簿时,名叫AAAA的出租汽车公司要比Zodiac出租汽车公司有更大的优势。
「析句」 It has long been known that…是一个固定句式,意思是“人们早就知道……”。其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是that从句。而从句本身又是一个复合句,主句是a taxi firm called AAAA Cars has a big advantage over Zodiac Cars,其中分词结构called AAAA cars 是后置定语,修饰firm.句末的when 引导一个时间状语从句。
「讲词」 advantage表示“优势,有利条件”,例如:It is to your advantage to invest wisely.(明智地投资对你很有利。)A better education gave us the advantage.(良好的教育使我们处于有利地位。)如果用于比较,advantage后面跟over.
thumb(拇指),在句中意为“用拇指翻书”。实际上,表示人体主要器官的英文单词都可以作动词,如head,eye,nose,hand,arm,foot等。如to arm oneself意为“把自己武装起来”。
8. Thus the American president and vicepresident have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bushs predecessors(including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half.
「译文」 因而,美国总统和副总统的姓氏分别是以B和C字母起头。乔治。布什的前任有二十六位(包括其父)的姓氏均在字母表的前半部,而姓氏在字母表后半部的却仅有十六位。
「析句」 该句由两个单句组成。在第一个单句中,宾语surnames后接一个作定语的分词结构starting with B and C respectively.在第二个单句中,宾语紧跟的介词结构in the first half of the alphabet作定语。against在此的意思是“与之相比”,against just 16 in the second half意思是against just 16 of George Bushs predecessors who had surnames in the second half of the alphabet.
「讲词」 predecessor(前任)的反义词是successor(继任)。应该记住两个的动词形式和形容词形式,分别是precede/succeed,preceding/succeeding.
9. Can this merely be coincidence? One theory,dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged,is that the rot sets in early.
「译文」 这仅仅是巧合吗?按字母表顺序排名靠后的人在享受闲暇时光时凭空想出一种理论,认为这种倒霉事老早就开始了。
「析句」 问句之后的句子由于插入了一个过去分词引导的定语成分而显得复杂。dreamt up… disadvantaged作定语,修饰theory.而在这个过去分词结构中又套了一个过去分词结构enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged,说明所谓的all the spare time.
「讲词」 coincidence表示“一致,巧合”,例如:What a coincidence that I was in Paris at the same time as you!(真巧,我在巴黎时你也正在那里!)
rot表示“腐烂”,既是动词也是名词。the rot sets in是成语,表示“事情节节失利”或“倒霉的事情不断发生”。
disadvantaged前面如加定冠词,则表示某一类人,the alphabetically disadvantaged指按字母顺序排列不利的人。按字母排列有时甚至会产生政治问题。据说日本就因为不愿看到朝鲜(韩国)按英语字母排序在前而把其英文名Corea改成Korea,这样就排在日本(Japan)的后面。阅读英文报章,我们会看到the economically dis/advantaged以及the politically dis/advantaged.
10. Shortlists for job interviews,election ballot papers,lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically,and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
「译文」 求职面试、选举投票、会议发言或参加会议等诸多名单,都是按字母表顺序排序的。当人们顺着名单费劲找人时兴趣也会变得索然了。
「析句」 该句由两个分句组成,第一个分句是all tend to be drawn up alphabetically,第二个分句是and their recipients… plough through them.冒号前的三个名词短语(Shortlists… speakers and attendees)是第一个分句主语all的同位语。在第二个分句中,as引导一个时间状语从句。
「讲词」 shortlist表示“候选名单”或“备选名单”。ballot表示“选票,投票”,既可作动词,也可作名词,与vote的意思和用法差不多,但它可以表示“投票的总数”。a secret ballot(秘密投票)。
plough作名词意为“犁”,作动词表示“犁,耕;费力穿行”。plough through在句中意为对照名单费力寻找某个人的姓名。
Text 2
6. This,for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage,refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
「译文」 对于尚未意识到其不利之处的人来说,它指的是对那些姓氏起头字母位于字母表后半部的人的歧视。
「析句」 句子的主干是this refers to discrimination.for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage是一个作状语的介词短语,unaware of such a disadvantage作those的定语。全句的宾语是discrimination+介词短语(against those),whose surnames…the alphabet是修饰those的定语从句。
「讲词」 refer作不及物动词意思是“参考,查询”。For further information,please refer to our website.(如需了解详情,请浏览我们的网站。)另一个常用的意思表示“提及,谈及”。He was referring to his experiences in Tibet.(他正谈及他在西藏的经历。)
discriminate(或discrimination)表示歧视常跟介词against.注意discriminate(或discrimination)的基本意思是“区别对待”,有时表示to be able to tell the difference(s)。You must in your writing discriminate between facts and opinions.或You must in your writing discriminate facts from opinions.(你在写作时应该分清事实和观点。)
7. It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA Cars has a big advantage over Zodiac Cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.
「译文」 人们早已知道在客户翻阅电话簿时,名叫AAAA的出租汽车公司要比Zodiac出租汽车公司有更大的优势。
「析句」 It has long been known that…是一个固定句式,意思是“人们早就知道……”。其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是that从句。而从句本身又是一个复合句,主句是a taxi firm called AAAA Cars has a big advantage over Zodiac Cars,其中分词结构called AAAA cars 是后置定语,修饰firm.句末的when 引导一个时间状语从句。
「讲词」 advantage表示“优势,有利条件”,例如:It is to your advantage to invest wisely.(明智地投资对你很有利。)A better education gave us the advantage.(良好的教育使我们处于有利地位。)如果用于比较,advantage后面跟over.
thumb(拇指),在句中意为“用拇指翻书”。实际上,表示人体主要器官的英文单词都可以作动词,如head,eye,nose,hand,arm,foot等。如to arm oneself意为“把自己武装起来”。
8. Thus the American president and vicepresident have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bushs predecessors(including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half.
「译文」 因而,美国总统和副总统的姓氏分别是以B和C字母起头。乔治。布什的前任有二十六位(包括其父)的姓氏均在字母表的前半部,而姓氏在字母表后半部的却仅有十六位。
「析句」 该句由两个单句组成。在第一个单句中,宾语surnames后接一个作定语的分词结构starting with B and C respectively.在第二个单句中,宾语紧跟的介词结构in the first half of the alphabet作定语。against在此的意思是“与之相比”,against just 16 in the second half意思是against just 16 of George Bushs predecessors who had surnames in the second half of the alphabet.
「讲词」 predecessor(前任)的反义词是successor(继任)。应该记住两个的动词形式和形容词形式,分别是precede/succeed,preceding/succeeding.
9. Can this merely be coincidence? One theory,dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged,is that the rot sets in early.
「译文」 这仅仅是巧合吗?按字母表顺序排名靠后的人在享受闲暇时光时凭空想出一种理论,认为这种倒霉事老早就开始了。
「析句」 问句之后的句子由于插入了一个过去分词引导的定语成分而显得复杂。dreamt up… disadvantaged作定语,修饰theory.而在这个过去分词结构中又套了一个过去分词结构enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged,说明所谓的all the spare time.
「讲词」 coincidence表示“一致,巧合”,例如:What a coincidence that I was in Paris at the same time as you!(真巧,我在巴黎时你也正在那里!)
rot表示“腐烂”,既是动词也是名词。the rot sets in是成语,表示“事情节节失利”或“倒霉的事情不断发生”。
disadvantaged前面如加定冠词,则表示某一类人,the alphabetically disadvantaged指按字母顺序排列不利的人。按字母排列有时甚至会产生政治问题。据说日本就因为不愿看到朝鲜(韩国)按英语字母排序在前而把其英文名Corea改成Korea,这样就排在日本(Japan)的后面。阅读英文报章,我们会看到the economically dis/advantaged以及the politically dis/advantaged.
10. Shortlists for job interviews,election ballot papers,lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically,and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
「译文」 求职面试、选举投票、会议发言或参加会议等诸多名单,都是按字母表顺序排序的。当人们顺着名单费劲找人时兴趣也会变得索然了。
「析句」 该句由两个分句组成,第一个分句是all tend to be drawn up alphabetically,第二个分句是and their recipients… plough through them.冒号前的三个名词短语(Shortlists… speakers and attendees)是第一个分句主语all的同位语。在第二个分句中,as引导一个时间状语从句。
「讲词」 shortlist表示“候选名单”或“备选名单”。ballot表示“选票,投票”,既可作动词,也可作名词,与vote的意思和用法差不多,但它可以表示“投票的总数”。a secret ballot(秘密投票)。
plough作名词意为“犁”,作动词表示“犁,耕;费力穿行”。plough through在句中意为对照名单费力寻找某个人的姓名。
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