Question

拜托各位英语高手帮帮忙吧。。谢谢。。这段英语我翻译不来啊。。。

Several authors(Harvey 1989;Urry 1990;Uriely 1997;Mowforth and Munt 2003) have linked the changes outlined above to the shift from modernism to postmodernism which involves dissolving the “boundaries, not only between high and low cultures,but also between different cultural forms such as tourism,art,education,photography,television,music,sport,shopping and architecture (Urry 1990:83).It is about breaking down barriers and accepting other ways or different perspectives, and so the mass tourism package is shifting to customization. Uriely(1997) suggests that trends such as the small and specialized travel agencies, the growing attraction of nostalgia and heritage tourism along with the increase in nature-oriented tourism and simulated tourism-related environments are labeled aspects of postmodern tourism. As the means of production and consumption (see Chapter 6) are changing to be more flexible and customized, tour companies are outsourcing components of the production process to different companies which are sometimes located in different countries. The shift in the production production process is not necessarily uniform in destination, as Torres(2011) discovered in Cancun where she found evidence of Fordist and post-Fordist elements. These elements were manifest in different “shades” of mass tourism, ‘neo-Fordism’ and ‘mass customization’. While these elements mat represent examples of the complex functional aspects of globalization, there are also the realms of policy, politics and trade which are also key elements in facilitating globalization.
Globalization is not new; throughout history there have been waves of global economic integration that have risen and fallen (Dollar 2005).In the recent wave of economic integration there has been a dramatic shift in the nature of international trade, from exports of primary products to exports of manufactured products and, along with this, service exports including tourism and software have increased enormously (Dollar 2005) .One of the key elements of globalization is the effect of market liberalization opening up national economies to the global market (McMichael 2004). The shift towards market liberalization is evident in the comment by Dollar(2005) that increased levels of integration have been facilitated partly through deliberate policy changes, where the majority of the developing world (measured by population) has moved from an inward-to a more outward-focused strategy, reflected in huge increases in trade integration. In fact, in some cases corporations in developing countries are expanding their operations beyond their borders, referred to as globalization’s offspring (The Economist 2007). In the context of tourism, the Russian airline Aeroflot is a bidder for a controlling stake in Alitalia, Italy’s national airline (The Economist 2007).

Answer 1

一些作者（哈1989；厄里1990uriely；1997；mowforth和德蒙特2003）有联系的变化上面概述的转变，从现代主义到后现代主义，涉及握陆散溶解”的界限，不仅高和低之间的文化，也是不同文化形式之间等旅游，艺术，教育，摄影，电视，音乐，体育，购物和建筑（厄里1990:83）。它是关于打破壁垒和接受的其他方式或不同的观点，并使大众旅游包转移到定制。uriely（1997）表明，趋势如小而专业的旅行社，越来越多的吸引力怀旧和遗产旅游随着增加旅游和自然旅游环境模拟标记方面的后现代旅游。随着生产方式和消费（见6章）是改变更加灵活和个性化，旅游公司外包零部件的加工生产不同的公司有时是位于不同的国家。这种转变的生产制作过程并不一定是均匀的目的，如托雷斯（2011）发现在坎昆，她发现证据的福特主义和后福特元素。这些因素表现在不同的“色调”大众旅游，“新福特主义”和“大规模定制”。虽然这些元素垫代表段氏例子复杂功能方面的全球化，也有政治和贸易领域的政策，这也是关键要素在促进全球化。

全球化并不是新的；在整个历史上出现了全球经济一体化的潮流，上升和下降（2005美元）。在最近这波经济一体化有了戏剧性的转变，在国际贸易的性质，从出口的初级产品出口制成品和，同时，服务出口旅游业和软件已大大增加（2005美元）。一个关键要素的全球化是影悉明响市场自由化国民经济开放的全球市场（麦克马克2004）。转向市场自由化是显而易见的评论（2005美元），更高水平的集成提供了便利的部分是通过深思熟虑的政策变化，那里的大多数发展中国家（衡量人口）已从一个向内更外向为重点的战略，反映在大量增加的贸易一体化。事实上，在某些情况下，在发展中国家的业务扩展超出其边界，称为全球化的后代（经济学2007）。范围内的旅游，俄罗斯航空公司是一个投标人控股意大利航空公司，意大利的国家航空公司（经济学2007）。

ME 是上网搜的。也不知是对还是错....