Question

2个英语语法问题请教啊～

1.You'd better speak slowly,otherwise you will fail to make yourself understood.
语法书上说，make后的非谓语动词和宾语是主谓关系，用make sb do sth. 如果是动宾关系，用过去分词形式。此句就是用的过去分词。什么是动宾关系呢？make him understand这种是主谓关系？

2.混合虚拟语气：Had you listened to the doctor, you were all right now.
前半句从句是对过去的虚拟，用had done. 后半句是对现在的虚拟，主句应该用should/would+动词原形啊，不该是were, 应该是you would be all right now.这样理解不对吗？

谢谢解答！！

Answer 1

1. make sb do sth 中，sb 是do的逻辑主语，可以称之为主谓关系，
make sb done 中，sb 是do的承受者，也就是说原句中是别人understand you，you那是被别人理解，前面的sb是做后面动词的宾语，这么看就是动宾关系
make him understand这种是主谓关系，是使他去理解（其它的），make him understood这种是动宾关系，是使他被（别人）理解。
2. Had you listened to the doctor是从句，是省略了if的从句，所以它才用倒装语序，you were all right now 才是主句，与现在事实相反，主句用一般过去时，原句应为：
If you had listened to the doctor, you were all right now。意思是：如果你听了医生的话，那么你现在就好了。

追问

谢谢！！不过第二个问题，Had you listened to the doctor是从句，对过去的虚拟，所以用had done. 这个对。但后半句you were all right now 是主句，是对现在的虚拟，与现在事实相反----主句应该用should/would+动词原形，从句才是一般过去时，这里作为主句 怎么可以用were呢？

追答

虚拟中，不能完全按照过去现在的时态一致。前句是对过去的虚拟，所以用had done，表示实际上也是没有去做的；后句是对现在的虚拟，表明实际上是生病没有好的，当然要用一般过去时

Answer 2

1、整句话的意思：你应该慢慢讲，否则别人可能无法理解你。make yourself understanded 里面包含有一个省略的被动用法：make yourself be understand
make yourself understand 的意思是使你理解，make yourself understanded 意思是使你被被人理解
2、前半句是对过去的虚拟，用的是过去完成时；后半句是对现在的虚拟，应用一般过去时
时间顺序应该是这样的;过去完成时，一般过去时，一般现在时，一般将来时。如果是虚拟语句，就根据语境往前退一个时态

追问

谢谢！不过第二个问题，后半句you were all right now 是主句，是对现在的虚拟，与现在事实相反----主句应该用should/would+动词原形，从句才是一般过去时，这里作为主句 怎么可以用were呢？

追答

对现在的虚拟为什么要用should/would+动词原型。你先这样想：如果这件事是事实，应该是if you listened to the doctor,you are all right now.。然后考虑这是虚拟的，就按我给你的时态顺序，从句是一般过去时，就变成过去完成时，主句是一般现在时，就变成一般过去时。也就是：if you had listened to the doctor,you were all right now.,
再倒装一下就是had you listened to the doctor ,you were all right now.
这样想没错的，这样分析选择时都能选对

Answer 3

1. make yourself understood(by others)你被别人听懂。动宾关系如：help you. 主谓关系：I work
2.对的。If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now.