Question

求如何翻译以下外文文献

OneoftheprimaryreasonspeopleusetheInternetis to communicate with others.1 With e-mail, instantmessaging (IM), social network sites (SNS), blogs, and mostrecently Twitter, the Internet offers a plethora of ways tocommunicate with a large number of friends and strangers.Given this extensive social use of the Internet, a key questionis: Does Internet use have a positive or negative impact on thenumber and quality of social relationships people can main-tain with others?Very broadly, the research in this area can be split into twocamps, which have been described as ‘‘cyberpessimists’’ and‘‘cyberoptimists.’’2 Cyberpessimists assert that Internet usehas a negative effect on social life. Thus Nie3 argued that timeis inelastic, and found that time spent on the Internet dis-places time spent on socializing, particularly with family anddoing face-to-face activities (see also Mesch4 and Nie andHillygys5). This is often referred to as the ‘‘time displacement’’hypothesis.6 In contrast, the ‘‘cyberoptimists’’ point to nd-ings showing that the Internet has a positive effect on sociallife. Communication over the Internet tends to supplement,rather than replace, other forms of communication,7,8 and canhave positive effects on building and maintaining strong andsatisfying social relationships (for reviews, see Bargh andBoth sides in this debate recognize that the impact of theInternet on social life is likely to vary according to the type ofInternet use, the type of social relations, and the characteris-tics of the Internet user.8,10 For example, there are effects ofpersonality type on the impact of Internet use on social life(e.g., Kraut et al.11 and Valkenburg and Peter12). Further,specically social use of the Internet may be expected to havea different impact on social relations than using the Internetfor gathering information.Thus more recent research has moved away from exam-ining overall Internet use and focused specically on how theuse of social media (such as IM and SNS) impacts on socialrelationships (e.g., Boyd and Ellison13). Interaction via socialmedia such as IM and SNS tends to be with existing friendsrather than with strangers.13 Some studies have shown thatuse of these media can be effective at building high-qualityfriendships and have an overall positive impact on well-being.12,14–16 Further, if maintaining relationships via SNS ismore temporally efcient and cognitively effective thanmaintaining relationships using other modes of communica-tion, SNS use may allow for weak relationships to be main-tained at higher levels of trust.17 However, other researchsuggests that use of social media can have a negative impacton social relationships and well-being

Answer 1

　　使用google翻译的：
　　人们使用互联网的主要原因之一，是与他人沟通。
　　随着电子邮件，即时消息（IM），社会网络网站（SNS），博客，mostrecently Twitter的，互联网提供了过多的方式沟通与大量的朋友，这种广泛的使用互联网的社会strangers.Given ，关键questionis：互联网的使用是否有一个人能与他人保持主要社会关系的数量写和质量的积极或消极影响非常广泛，在这一领域的研究可以分为两个阵营，已被描述为“ “cyberpessimists''和'' cyberoptimists。
　　数码悲观者断言，的互联网usehas对社会生活的负面影响。因此Nie3认为，时间是无弹性的，花费时间花费在互联网上的社交场所显示时间，特别是家庭anddoing面对面活动（也看到Mesch4和andHillygys5聂）。这通常被称为“时间位移”hypothesis.6相比之下，“cyberoptimists”点ND-ings表明互联网上sociallife的积极作用。在互联网上的沟通往往补充，而不是取代，其他形式的沟通，7,8和canhave建设和维护评论强andsatisfying（社会关系，积极的影响，看到巴奇andBoth双方在这次辩论中承认，影响theInternet社会生活是可能改变根据类型ofInternet使用，社会关系的类型，以及对互联网user.8，10 characteris的抽动，例如，有效果ofpersonality类型上使用互联网对社会生活的影响（例如，克娜特等al.11和Valkenburg和Peter12的）。此外，利用互联网specically社会可预期比使用Internetfor聚会information.Thus最近的研究对社会关系的不同影响havea考试，伊宁整体搬离互联网的使用和如何社会媒体（如IM和SNS）上socialrelationships的影响（例如，Boyd和Ellison13）的theuse通过socialmedia如IM和SNS互动往往与现有friendsrather的一些研究比strangers.13与集中specically显示thatuse这些媒体可以是有效的，在建设高qualityfriendships此外，如果使用其他的通信方式通过SNS的ismore时间很有效率和有效的认知thanmaintaining关系保持关系有一个整体的积极影响的良好being.12 ,14-16 -TION，SNS的使用可能会允许弱关系是保持在较高水平trust.17然而，其他研究表明，使用社会化媒体可以有一个对社会关系的负面影响和福祉