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Oneofthemorevisiblemanipulationsisthatofvisualperspectives.ThesetechniquesallowDisney...
One of the more visible manipulations is that of visual perspectives. These techniques allow Disney to improve upon natural optics. For example, ninety degree corners are less prevalent on Main Street sidewalks. Instead, intersections and building edges are more rounded. These are perceived as less rigid, less threatening, and therefore more conducive to a comfortable visitor experience (Koenig, 1994). Another well known technique, commonly used in film set design, is that of forced perspectives: whereby tall objects are scaled down so as to not be as over-powering. Along Main Street the first floor is 9/10ths the scale of original scale, the second floor 7/8ths, and the third floor 5/8ths of the original. Similarly, the many castles, the steam train, and the riverboat are all smaller versions of the original. Even the trees on the side of the ‘Matterhorn’ are progressively stunted the further up the mountain they are planted. As with any theatrical exaggeration, if done well, the visitor will readily accept the manipulation as ‘natural’. Bright (1987) points out a similar effect on the ride system where "you only have a few seconds to say something about a figure through your art. So, we exaggerate their features, especially the facial
features, so they can be quickly and easily understood from a distance. ...We try to provide the illusion of life" (p. 195). The speed at which you travel through a scene, as in many Hollywood films, reduces the very likelihood the visitor will question the reality presented. (Bryman, 1995).
Disney takes extra effort to please and entertain. The visitor is kept from being bored, from serious introspection, or even from deconstructing the experience. Disney is one of the experts at crowd management. Visual magnets, (‘weinies’ in Disney parlance), such as castles, are seen at the end of each thoroughfare to draw you on. Disney characters serve as a similar, mobile attractant to help disperse crowds. Negative reinforcement is utilized to keep people on track, as Nigro (1997) explains:
The pretty landscaped roads with good signage welcomes guests, but a wrong turn onto service roads and there’s a subtle shift — plain vegetation, no signs, turnaround areas. You get the idea you’re not supposed to be here, but in keeping with the friendly atmosphere there are no signs that shout ‘Keep Out’. (p. 95)
Further probing by the visitor will inevitably bring on an encounter with a costumed, security guard to guide the visitor back onto the prescribed path. 展开
features, so they can be quickly and easily understood from a distance. ...We try to provide the illusion of life" (p. 195). The speed at which you travel through a scene, as in many Hollywood films, reduces the very likelihood the visitor will question the reality presented. (Bryman, 1995).
Disney takes extra effort to please and entertain. The visitor is kept from being bored, from serious introspection, or even from deconstructing the experience. Disney is one of the experts at crowd management. Visual magnets, (‘weinies’ in Disney parlance), such as castles, are seen at the end of each thoroughfare to draw you on. Disney characters serve as a similar, mobile attractant to help disperse crowds. Negative reinforcement is utilized to keep people on track, as Nigro (1997) explains:
The pretty landscaped roads with good signage welcomes guests, but a wrong turn onto service roads and there’s a subtle shift — plain vegetation, no signs, turnaround areas. You get the idea you’re not supposed to be here, but in keeping with the friendly atmosphere there are no signs that shout ‘Keep Out’. (p. 95)
Further probing by the visitor will inevitably bring on an encounter with a costumed, security guard to guide the visitor back onto the prescribed path. 展开
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一个比较明显的操纵,可视角度。这些技术允许迪士尼改善自然光学。例如,九十度角较普遍的大街上的人行道。相反,交叉和边缘圆形建筑。这些被视为刚性较差,没有威胁,因此更有利于舒适的访客经验(科尼格,1994)。另一个众所周知的技术,常用于电影集设计,是被迫的观点:即高物体缩小以不一样的功效。在主街道的一楼是9/ 10规模的原始规模,二楼7 /8ths,和第三层5 /8ths的原。同样,许多城堡,蒸汽火车,和船上所有版本的小原。连树上的“山峰”逐步阻碍进一步上山,他们种植。正如任何戏剧性夸张,如果做得好,客人会欣然接受操纵的「自然」。明(1987)指出,类似的影响的系统,“你只有几秒钟,说一个图通过您的艺术。所以,我们夸大其功能,特别是面部功能,使他们能够迅速和容易理解的距离。……我们尝试提供生活的幻想”(195页)。速度,你的旅行通过一个场景,因为在许多好莱坞电影,很可能会减少客人的现实提出问题。(布莱恩,1995)。迪士尼需要额外的努力,请和娱乐。游客一直被无聊,从认真反思,甚至从解构的经验。迪士尼是一个专家在人群管理。视觉磁铁,('weinies在迪士尼的说法),如城堡,是在每个通道吸引你。迪士尼人物作为一个类似的,移动引诱帮助驱散人群。负强化是利用人们保持轨道上,如尼格罗(1997)解释:美丽的景观道路的标志欢迎客人,但错拐到服务的道路,并有一个微妙的转变-平原植被,没有迹象,周转区。你的想法,你不应该在这里,但在与友好的气氛也没有迹象表明,喊'保持'。(95页)进一步探索的访问者将不可避免地导致遇到一位盛装打扮,安全防范指导访问者返回到指定的路径
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One of the more visible manipulations is that of visual perspectives.
更令人兴奋的是,可见操纵的视觉的观点。
These techniques allow Disney to improve upon natural optics.
这些技术让迪士尼得以改善后自然光学。
For example, ninety degree corners are less prevalent on Main Street sidewalks.
例如,九十度角少普遍在大街上人行道。
Instead, intersections and building edges are more rounded.
相反,十字路口和建筑的边缘更圆。
These are perceived as less rigid, less threatening, and therefore more conducive to a comfortable visitor experience (Koenig, 1994).
这些都是被视为不僵硬,少一些恐惧,因此更有利于舒适的游客体验(Koenig,1994)。
Another well known technique, commonly used in film set design, is that of forced perspectives: whereby tall objects are scaled down so as to not be as over-powering.
另一个众所周知的技术,常用在电影集设计、是强迫方面高对象比例缩减,从而不会像over-powering。
Along Main Street the first floor is 9/10ths the scale of original scale, the second floor 7/8ths, and the third floor 5/8ths of the original.
在去往主大街的9/10ths一楼是规模的原始规模、7/8ths第二层、第三层的5/8ths原件。
Similarly, the many castles, the steam train, and the riverboat are all smaller versions of the original.
同样,许多城堡、蒸汽火车、游船都是缩小版的原作。
Even the trees on the side of the ‘Matterhorn’ are progressively stunted the further up the mountain they are planted.
连树旁边的“山峰”则是逐渐缓慢进一步上山他们种植的。
As with any theatrical exaggeration, if done well, the visitor will readily accept the manipulation as ‘natural’.
与任何戏剧夸张,如果做得好,访问者会欣然地接受操纵“自然”。
Bright (1987) points out a similar effect on the ride system where "you only have a few seconds to say something about a figure through your art.
明亮的(1987)指出类似的效果,在前往系统,“你只需要几秒钟,说点什么图通过你的艺术。
So, we exaggerate their features, especially the facial
所以,我们夸大自己的特征,特别是脸
features, so they can be quickly and easily understood from a distance. ...
特征,所以他们能迅速、容易理解来自远方。…
We try to provide the illusion of life" (p. 195).
我们竭诚为新老用户提供幻想的生活”(p)。
The speed at which you travel through a scene, as in many Hollywood films, reduces the very likelihood the visitor will question the reality presented.
你旅行的速度通过一个场景,就像很多好莱坞电影,降低很可能会怀疑现实提出了客人。
(Bryman, 1995).
(Bryman,1995)。
Disney takes extra effort to please and entertain.
迪士尼额外努力,请和娱乐。
The visitor is kept from being bored, from serious introspection, or even from deconstructing the experience.
参观者在远离感到无聊,从严肃的反思,甚至从解构的经验。
Disney is one of the experts at crowd management.
迪斯尼的人群管理专家。
Visual magnets, (‘weinies’ in Disney parlance), such as castles, are seen at the end of each thoroughfare to draw you on.
视觉磁石的著磁,(“weinies”在迪斯尼的说法),如城堡,可以看见一头一个通道,吸引你。
Disney characters serve as a similar, mobile attractant to help disperse crowds.
作为一个类似迪斯尼人物、移动诱食剂来帮助驱散人群。
Negative reinforcement is utilized to keep people on track, as Nigro (1997) explains:
负强化是用来让人们在赛道上,另外Nigro(1997)说明:
The pretty landscaped roads with good signage welcomes guests, but a wrong turn onto service roads and there’s a subtle shift — plain vegetation, no signs, turnaround areas.
好漂亮的景观道路标牌欢迎客人,但是一个错误的转折且道路上的服务一个微妙的变换-平原植被,没有迹象显示,转机的地区。
You get the idea you’re not supposed to be here, but in keeping with the friendly atmosphere there are no signs that shout ‘Keep Out’.
你已经知道你不应该在这里,但是在保持友好的气氛中没有迹象表明喊“遮挡”。
(p. 95)
(p)
Further probing by the visitor will inevitably bring on an encounter with a costumed, security guard to guide the visitor back onto the prescribed path.
进一步探索访问者会不可避免的带来一个碰上了盛装,保安来引导客人回到规定的路径。
更令人兴奋的是,可见操纵的视觉的观点。
These techniques allow Disney to improve upon natural optics.
这些技术让迪士尼得以改善后自然光学。
For example, ninety degree corners are less prevalent on Main Street sidewalks.
例如,九十度角少普遍在大街上人行道。
Instead, intersections and building edges are more rounded.
相反,十字路口和建筑的边缘更圆。
These are perceived as less rigid, less threatening, and therefore more conducive to a comfortable visitor experience (Koenig, 1994).
这些都是被视为不僵硬,少一些恐惧,因此更有利于舒适的游客体验(Koenig,1994)。
Another well known technique, commonly used in film set design, is that of forced perspectives: whereby tall objects are scaled down so as to not be as over-powering.
另一个众所周知的技术,常用在电影集设计、是强迫方面高对象比例缩减,从而不会像over-powering。
Along Main Street the first floor is 9/10ths the scale of original scale, the second floor 7/8ths, and the third floor 5/8ths of the original.
在去往主大街的9/10ths一楼是规模的原始规模、7/8ths第二层、第三层的5/8ths原件。
Similarly, the many castles, the steam train, and the riverboat are all smaller versions of the original.
同样,许多城堡、蒸汽火车、游船都是缩小版的原作。
Even the trees on the side of the ‘Matterhorn’ are progressively stunted the further up the mountain they are planted.
连树旁边的“山峰”则是逐渐缓慢进一步上山他们种植的。
As with any theatrical exaggeration, if done well, the visitor will readily accept the manipulation as ‘natural’.
与任何戏剧夸张,如果做得好,访问者会欣然地接受操纵“自然”。
Bright (1987) points out a similar effect on the ride system where "you only have a few seconds to say something about a figure through your art.
明亮的(1987)指出类似的效果,在前往系统,“你只需要几秒钟,说点什么图通过你的艺术。
So, we exaggerate their features, especially the facial
所以,我们夸大自己的特征,特别是脸
features, so they can be quickly and easily understood from a distance. ...
特征,所以他们能迅速、容易理解来自远方。…
We try to provide the illusion of life" (p. 195).
我们竭诚为新老用户提供幻想的生活”(p)。
The speed at which you travel through a scene, as in many Hollywood films, reduces the very likelihood the visitor will question the reality presented.
你旅行的速度通过一个场景,就像很多好莱坞电影,降低很可能会怀疑现实提出了客人。
(Bryman, 1995).
(Bryman,1995)。
Disney takes extra effort to please and entertain.
迪士尼额外努力,请和娱乐。
The visitor is kept from being bored, from serious introspection, or even from deconstructing the experience.
参观者在远离感到无聊,从严肃的反思,甚至从解构的经验。
Disney is one of the experts at crowd management.
迪斯尼的人群管理专家。
Visual magnets, (‘weinies’ in Disney parlance), such as castles, are seen at the end of each thoroughfare to draw you on.
视觉磁石的著磁,(“weinies”在迪斯尼的说法),如城堡,可以看见一头一个通道,吸引你。
Disney characters serve as a similar, mobile attractant to help disperse crowds.
作为一个类似迪斯尼人物、移动诱食剂来帮助驱散人群。
Negative reinforcement is utilized to keep people on track, as Nigro (1997) explains:
负强化是用来让人们在赛道上,另外Nigro(1997)说明:
The pretty landscaped roads with good signage welcomes guests, but a wrong turn onto service roads and there’s a subtle shift — plain vegetation, no signs, turnaround areas.
好漂亮的景观道路标牌欢迎客人,但是一个错误的转折且道路上的服务一个微妙的变换-平原植被,没有迹象显示,转机的地区。
You get the idea you’re not supposed to be here, but in keeping with the friendly atmosphere there are no signs that shout ‘Keep Out’.
你已经知道你不应该在这里,但是在保持友好的气氛中没有迹象表明喊“遮挡”。
(p. 95)
(p)
Further probing by the visitor will inevitably bring on an encounter with a costumed, security guard to guide the visitor back onto the prescribed path.
进一步探索访问者会不可避免的带来一个碰上了盛装,保安来引导客人回到规定的路径。
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更可见的操作之一就是视觉角度。这些技术允许迪斯尼改善自然光。例如,第九度角是主要街道的人行道上盛行。相反,路口和建筑物边缘更圆润。这些被视为刚性较差,较不具威胁,因此更有利于一个舒适的游客体验(科尼格,1994年)。另一个众所周知的技术,电影集设计中常用的,是被迫的观点:让高大的物体被缩小,这样就不会过度供电。沿大街一楼9/10ths原有规模,二楼7/8ths,和原来的三楼5/8ths规模。同样,许多城堡,蒸汽火车,河船原来所有的较小版本。甚至对“马特”一侧的树木正逐步进一步阻碍了他们种植的山。与任何戏剧夸张,如果做得好,游客会欣然接受“自然”的操纵。明亮了类似的效果,“你只有几秒钟,说的东西通过你的艺术图上行驶系统(1987)点。因此,我们夸大其功能,尤其是面部
功能,使他们可以快速,轻松地从远处理解。我们尝试提供生活的幻觉“(第195页),在许多好莱坞电影一样,降低你的速度,通过现场旅游参观者将质疑的现实。(布里曼,1995年很可能)。
迪斯尼需要额外的努力来取悦和娱乐。保持被无聊的游客,认真反省,甚至从解构的经验。迪斯尼是在人群管理的专家之一。视觉磁铁,(“weinies在迪斯尼的说法),如城堡,看到你画每个通道的结束。迪斯尼人物作为一个类似的,移动的引诱,帮助驱散人群。负筋是用来保持轨道上的人,尼格罗(1997)解释说:
具有良好的标牌漂亮的园林道路,欢迎客人,但到服务的道路走错了方向,有一个微妙的变化 - 平原植被,没有迹象表明,周转区。你,你不应该到这里来的想法,但在保持与友好的气氛中,没有迹象表明,喊'远离'。 (第95页)
访问者通过进一步探测将不可避免地带来上遭遇1打扮,保安员,引导游客到指定的路径。
功能,使他们可以快速,轻松地从远处理解。我们尝试提供生活的幻觉“(第195页),在许多好莱坞电影一样,降低你的速度,通过现场旅游参观者将质疑的现实。(布里曼,1995年很可能)。
迪斯尼需要额外的努力来取悦和娱乐。保持被无聊的游客,认真反省,甚至从解构的经验。迪斯尼是在人群管理的专家之一。视觉磁铁,(“weinies在迪斯尼的说法),如城堡,看到你画每个通道的结束。迪斯尼人物作为一个类似的,移动的引诱,帮助驱散人群。负筋是用来保持轨道上的人,尼格罗(1997)解释说:
具有良好的标牌漂亮的园林道路,欢迎客人,但到服务的道路走错了方向,有一个微妙的变化 - 平原植被,没有迹象表明,周转区。你,你不应该到这里来的想法,但在保持与友好的气氛中,没有迹象表明,喊'远离'。 (第95页)
访问者通过进一步探测将不可避免地带来上遭遇1打扮,保安员,引导游客到指定的路径。
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更令人兴奋的是,可见操纵的视觉的观点。这些技术让迪士尼得以改善后自然光学。例如,九十度角少普遍在大街上人行道。相反,十字路口和建筑的边缘更圆。这些都是被视为不僵硬,少一些恐惧,因此更有利于舒适的游客体验(Koenig,1994)。另一个众所周知的技术,常用在电影集设计、是强迫方面高对象比例缩减,从而不会像over-powering。在去往主大街的9/10ths一楼是规模的原始规模、7/8ths第二层、第三层的5/8ths原件。同样,许多城堡、蒸汽火车、游船都是缩小版的原作。连树旁边的“山峰”则是逐渐缓慢进一步上山他们种植的。与任何戏剧夸张,如果做得好,访问者会欣然地接受操纵“自然”。明亮的(1987)指出类似的效果,在前往系统,“你只需要几秒钟,说点什么图通过你的艺术。所以,我们夸大自己的特征,特别是脸
特征,所以他们能迅速、容易理解来自远方。…我们竭诚为新老用户提供幻想的生活”(p)。你旅行的速度通过一个场景,就像很多好莱坞电影,降低很可能会怀疑现实提出了客人。(Bryman,1995)。
迪士尼额外努力,请和娱乐。参观者在远离感到无聊,从严肃的反思,甚至从解构的经验。迪斯尼的人群管理专家。视觉磁石的著磁,(“weinies”在迪斯尼的说法),如城堡,可以看见一头一个通道,吸引你。作为一个类似迪斯尼人物、移动诱食剂来帮助驱散人群。负强化是用来让人们在赛道上,另外Nigro(1997)说明:
好漂亮的景观道路标牌欢迎客人,但是一个错误的转折且道路上的服务一个微妙的变换-平原植被,没有迹象显示,转机的地区。你已经知道你不应该在这里,但是在保持友好的气氛中没有迹象表明喊“遮挡”。(p)
进一步探索访问者会不可避免的带来一个碰上了盛装,保安来引导客人回到规定的路径
特征,所以他们能迅速、容易理解来自远方。…我们竭诚为新老用户提供幻想的生活”(p)。你旅行的速度通过一个场景,就像很多好莱坞电影,降低很可能会怀疑现实提出了客人。(Bryman,1995)。
迪士尼额外努力,请和娱乐。参观者在远离感到无聊,从严肃的反思,甚至从解构的经验。迪斯尼的人群管理专家。视觉磁石的著磁,(“weinies”在迪斯尼的说法),如城堡,可以看见一头一个通道,吸引你。作为一个类似迪斯尼人物、移动诱食剂来帮助驱散人群。负强化是用来让人们在赛道上,另外Nigro(1997)说明:
好漂亮的景观道路标牌欢迎客人,但是一个错误的转折且道路上的服务一个微妙的变换-平原植被,没有迹象显示,转机的地区。你已经知道你不应该在这里,但是在保持友好的气氛中没有迹象表明喊“遮挡”。(p)
进一步探索访问者会不可避免的带来一个碰上了盛装,保安来引导客人回到规定的路径
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迪斯尼不仅仅是一个物理控制的例子是,它也是一个道德调节的运动。 “迪斯尼文化作为社会重要的原因,特别是白色的,资本主义社会和历史的形式”(Rojek,1993年,第22页)。迪斯尼是一个反映中美国的态度和价值观,严格界定了正常的意识。这是1强大的文化冲泡,1“现代感伤,感伤的民粹主义,怀旧,消费,家庭美德和企业丰盈-1醉人的经验顺利融合美国人的百万谁通过它的大门通过”(瓦,1997,带够。396) 。
怀旧中起着主导作用在整个迪斯尼的经验。大多数游客似乎拥抱公园的过去和未来的乌托邦式的设想。一切似曾相识,许多文化的象征,引发美国的共同遗产和神话。故事告诉公园和熟悉的故事和事件,有时夸张的的蠢事点(1992)凡Manaan,有吸引力的版本。迪斯尼代表了浪漫熟悉的回报。这与其说是美国如何曾经是准确的代表性。相反,它是我们如何想它必须记住已图片。与迪斯尼,它的关怀和对细节的关注,隐藏在不真实的故事,在引脚演示。不幸的是,布里曼(1995)指出,这是一个“历史的观点,与专业的历史学家无法竞争模式演示或由它让人感动的数字”(第142页)。有没有知道缺少什么办法,没有办法知道的社会形态和行为已被排除在外(威利斯,1993年)。比较管理,诱人的,非威胁性的版本,迪斯尼提供原来的位置或事件的斗争。它变得越来越难以否认迪斯尼的做法 - 这是我们有多少希望事情。因此,“迪斯尼乐园是'真正的'比
幻想,因为它提供的图像,美国构建“(吉鲁(1995年,第28页)。我们更触发与迪斯尼,主导这一观点变得更加的关联。
作为迪斯尼的道德消毒的一部分,鼓励游客感到安全。社会上的不良和威胁方面被清除。不仅是污垢,犯罪和贫困中删除,但社会的越轨行为被削减。迪斯尼不容忍毒品消费,不受限制的言论自由,团伙paraphenalia或行为,不寻常的宗教习俗的同质或异质性的公开显示。人不是暴力或性,在迪斯尼,除非该行为已被纳入到正式批准的显示。
怀旧中起着主导作用在整个迪斯尼的经验。大多数游客似乎拥抱公园的过去和未来的乌托邦式的设想。一切似曾相识,许多文化的象征,引发美国的共同遗产和神话。故事告诉公园和熟悉的故事和事件,有时夸张的的蠢事点(1992)凡Manaan,有吸引力的版本。迪斯尼代表了浪漫熟悉的回报。这与其说是美国如何曾经是准确的代表性。相反,它是我们如何想它必须记住已图片。与迪斯尼,它的关怀和对细节的关注,隐藏在不真实的故事,在引脚演示。不幸的是,布里曼(1995)指出,这是一个“历史的观点,与专业的历史学家无法竞争模式演示或由它让人感动的数字”(第142页)。有没有知道缺少什么办法,没有办法知道的社会形态和行为已被排除在外(威利斯,1993年)。比较管理,诱人的,非威胁性的版本,迪斯尼提供原来的位置或事件的斗争。它变得越来越难以否认迪斯尼的做法 - 这是我们有多少希望事情。因此,“迪斯尼乐园是'真正的'比
幻想,因为它提供的图像,美国构建“(吉鲁(1995年,第28页)。我们更触发与迪斯尼,主导这一观点变得更加的关联。
作为迪斯尼的道德消毒的一部分,鼓励游客感到安全。社会上的不良和威胁方面被清除。不仅是污垢,犯罪和贫困中删除,但社会的越轨行为被削减。迪斯尼不容忍毒品消费,不受限制的言论自由,团伙paraphenalia或行为,不寻常的宗教习俗的同质或异质性的公开显示。人不是暴力或性,在迪斯尼,除非该行为已被纳入到正式批准的显示。
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