Question

动词不定式和动名词的区别.越详细越好.？

Answer 1

动名词（gerund）和现在分词（present participle）的区别
1） 动名词与不定式的区别：　
动名词表达的是：状态,性质,心境,抽象,经常性,已发生的　不定式表达的是：目的,结果,原因,具体,一次性,将发生的

2） 接不定式或动名词,意义相同.

3)在下列情况下,一般要用不定式：
①hate,like,love前有would(should)时,如：I'd like to have a cup of coffee.
②当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时,如：Thestudents are starting to work on the di fficult maths problem.
③begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时,如：I soon began to understand what was happening.
⒋advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语.如：
Our teachers don't permit our swimming in the lake.
Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.
4） 部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用.
①forget,remember,regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生.如：
Don't forget fo post the letter for me.
Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport?
Remember to close the windows before you leave.
I remember writing him a letter a year ago.
We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting.
They regretted ordering these books from abroad.

动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：　
1　stop to do　　　　　stop doing　　　
2 forget to do　　　　 forget doing
3　remember to do　　　remember doing　　　　　　
4 regret to do　　　　 regret doing
5　cease to do　　　　 cease doing　　　　　　　　
6 try to do　　　　　　try doing
7　go on to do　　　　 go on doing　　　　　　　　
8 afraid to do　　　　 afraid doing 　
9　interested to do　　interested doing　 　
10 mean to do　　　　　 mean doing 　
11 begin/ start to do　 begin/ start doing

非谓语动词的用法是英语语法的一大难点,你最好全面对比一下不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词以及独立主格结构的用法!

所谓动名词(gerund)就是名词,只是保有一些动词的功能.所以它在句中可以作主语,宾语,表语,同位语,定语等那些名词可以充当的成分.
而现在分词(present participle)相当于形容词,在句中作表语,定语或者状语
所以当-ing形式出现在句中作主语,宾语,同位语时,它肯定是gerund.
当-ing形式出现在句中作状语时,它肯定是present participle.

它们有可能被弄错的是作表语和定语时.其实也很好区分
1. 作表语: 我们知道, 名词和形容词都可以作表语.
This is water(n.).
It is transparent(adj).
这时你肯定能明白,如果-ing作表语相当于n.它就是gerund. 反之相当于adj.时它就是present.participle.
The situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring.
One of the best exercises is swimming.
2. 作定语时的区别我在回答中已经解释了. 动名词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系；现在分词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系.
a sleeping bag.(用途)=a bag for sleeping
a sleeping child = a child is sleeping (child是sleep的主语,sleep是child发出的动作),4,