Question

翻译古文？

刘勰《文心雕龙时序》：“爰自汉室，迄至成哀，虽世渐百龄，辞人九变，而大抵所归，祖述《楚辞》，灵均馀影，于是乎在……然中兴之后，群才稍改前辙，华实所附，斟酌经辞，盖历政讲聚，故渐靡儒风者也……自献帝播迁，文学蓬转，建安之末，区宇方辑……观其时文，雅好慷慨，良由世积乱离，风衰俗怨，并志深而笔长，故梗概而多气也。”

Answer 1

刘勰《文心雕龙时序》（部分）：
爰自汉室，迄至成哀，虽世渐百龄，辞人九变。而大抵所归，祖述《楚辞》，灵均馀影，于是乎在。
从汉代开国到成帝、哀帝，虽然超过了一百年，作家也有了很多变化。但大概的趋势，都是学习《楚辞》；屈原的影响，在这些作品中就可以看到。
以上是西汉时期的文学发展状况。
自哀、平陵替，光武中兴，深怀图谶（chèn），颇略文华。然杜笃献诔以免刑，班彪参奏以补令。虽非旁求，亦不遐弃。
西汉衰落，光武中兴，重建东汉王朝。他比较在意图谶、预言之学，却不甚关心文学艺术。可是，杜笃因诔文做得好就减免刑罚，班彪因起草奏文被赏识而做了县令。可见，光武帝虽然没有广泛搜罗文士，但也没有完全不理会。
及明章叠耀，崇爱儒术。肄（yì）礼璧堂，讲文虎观。孟坚珥笔于国史，贾逵给札于瑞颂；东平擅其懿文，沛王振其通论。帝则藩仪，辉光相照矣。
到东汉明帝、章帝两朝，较为尊崇儒学。在辟雍里学习古礼，在白虎观研究经学。这时班固撰述国史，贾逵作《神雀颂》，刘苍写了不少好文章，刘辅也著了《五经论》。天子立下准则，藩王做出规范，互相辉映。
自和安以下，迄至顺桓，则有班傅三崔，王马张蔡。磊落鸿儒，才不时乏，而文章之选，存而不论。
从安帝、和帝以后，直到顺帝、桓帝时期，则有班固、傅毅、崔骃、崔瑗、崔寔、王延寿、马融、张衡、蔡邕等大量作家。此外，还有不少大儒，他们都颇有才华，其中文章做得好的，就不必在此一一列举了。
然中兴之后，群才稍改前辙，华实所附，斟酌经辞。盖历政讲聚，故渐靡儒风者也。
不过，刘勰认为，东汉作家走的道路和以前不同，他们在文采和思想内容上，是依据儒家的经典。这是因为他们有政治经验，又不断讲述经学，所以渐渐接受了儒家的影响。
降及灵帝，时好辞制，造皇羲之书，开鸿都之赋。而乐松之徒，招集浅陋，故杨赐号为驩兜，蔡邕比之俳优。其馀风遗文，盖蔑如也。
后来灵帝喜爱文学，曾著《皇羲篇》一书，并召集文士到鸿都门写作。可是乐松等人，却引来一些不学无术之辈；所以杨赐称之为“驩兜”一类的坏人，而蔡邕则比之于弄臣。他们的文风和作品，是没有什么价值的。
以上是东汉时期的文学发展状况。
从刘勰对汉代文学发展情况的论述可知，凡是重视儒学的时期，文学都比较兴盛，反之，都渐渐衰落。由此可以窥见刘勰的思想倾向，重视儒家经典，主张以儒家思想为指导进行创作。
自献帝播迁，文学蓬转。建安之末，区宇方辑。
汉末献帝时期，政局动荡混乱，文化学术界也随之动荡不安。直到建安末年，天下方才渐渐太平。
魏武以相王之尊，雅爱诗章；文帝以副君之重，妙善辞赋；陈思以公子之豪，下笔琳琅。
建安文学中，“三曹”很有盛名。三曹，即曹操、曹丕、曹植。
曹操居丞相和魏王的地位，很喜爱诗章；曹丕身为魏王太子，善于写作辞赋；曹植是豪华的大家公子，更写出不少珠玉般的作品。
并体貌英逸，故俊才云蒸。
仲宣委质于汉南，孔璋归命于河北，伟长从宦于青土，公干徇质于海隅；德琏综其斐然之思，元瑜展其翩翩之乐；文蔚、休伯之俦，于叔、德祖之侣，傲雅觞豆之前，雍容衽席之上，洒笔以成酣歌，和墨以藉谈笑。
他们父子三人都重视文才，因此吸引来许多优秀作家。如：
王粲从荆州来归顺，陈琳从冀州来听命，徐干从北海来从仕，刘桢从东平来归附；应玚运用其丰盛的文思，阮瑀以施展才华为乐趣；还有路粹、繁钦之流，邯鄣淳、杨修等辈，都有威仪地优游于诗酒之间，从容不迫地周旋于筵席之上，下笔而成高歌，挥毫可助谈笑。观其时文，雅好慷慨。良由世积乱离，风衰俗怨，并志深而笔长，故梗概而多气也。
试看这一时期的作品，常常慷慨激昂。的确由于长期的社会动荡，风气衰落，人心怨恨，因而作者情志比较深刻，笔意比较深长，作品也就常常激昂慷慨而气势旺盛了。可见，文学创作与社会现实有着深刻的联系。文学创作离不开社会现实生活。
这一时期的文学创作，后人称之为“建安文学”，赞其慷慨激昂的文风为“建安风骨”。
至明帝纂戎，制诗度曲；征篇章之士，置崇文之观。何刘群才，迭相照耀。
到魏明帝继位，自己能写作诗歌；同时也搜罗文士，设立崇文观。何晏、刘劭等人，都相继发挥才华。

Answer 2

刘勰《文心雕龙时序》：自从汉朝以来，到了成帝、哀帝，虽然已有百年，写辞的人变化很大，而大体所归，都是受到楚辞的影响。屈原的余留，于是在……然而中兴之后，群才稍微改变了之前的面貌，除了表象和内涵外，斟酌诗经的语言，关乎政治，渐渐有儒家之风。……自从献帝倒台，文学也转变了，建安（曹操）之末，……观察当时的文学，雅爱慷慨之辞，是由于战乱导致的乱离，和人民的苦怨，笔触艰深长远，忧郁之气很重。

Answer 3

From the Han Dynasty to Emperor Cheng and Emperor Ai, although people gradually became a hundred years old, the writing of literati changed, and most of them were homeless. They followed the "Chu Ci" and Qu Yuan's other shadows, so they were there. From mourning to peaceful decline, Emperor Guangwu rejuvenated, deeply embarrassed, and very literary, but Du Du offered advice to avoid punishment, and Ban Biao participated in the supplementary order. Although it was not a request from the side, it did not abandon it. It shines with the second chapter, admiring the Confucianism, practicing the etiquette Yutang, studying the concept of Wenhu, Ban Mengjian writes in the history of the country, Jia Kuiji writes in Xiangrui Song; Dongping is good at his Yiwen, Pei Wang Zhenqi general theory; the emperor is the fan The light shines brightly. From He'an to Emperor Shun and Emperor Huan, then there were Ban Gu and Fu Yi, Wang Sima, Zhang Cai, and Leilei Hongru. The talents were not lacking at the time, and the choice of articles was left unchecked. However, after ZTE, the group gradually changed its course, Hua Shi attached, and considered the scriptures. Because of the internship, there was no Confucianism. By the time of Lingdi, he had a good resignation system, made Fuxi's books, and Kaihongdu's fu, while Le Song's people recruited simple and shabby, so Yang Ci was called Huandou. Compared with Cai Yong's actor, there were probably no other legacy. What a great deal. Since Emperor Xian's exile, literature has gone, and the last years of Jian'an, the world has been editing. Emperor Wei Wu appoints the position of the king and loves poetry; Emperor Wei Wen Cao Pi is good at poetry and poetry based on the weight of the prince; Chen Si makes his son's luxury and writes lavishly; and his body is cozy and comfortable, so he can say steam. Wang Hui is committed to Hannan, Chen Lin is attached to Hebei, Xu Gancong is in Qingtu, Liu Zhen is the hostage by the sea; De Lian integrates his bright thinking; Ruan Yu shows off his joy. Zhang Wenwei and Huber’s opponents, in front of uncle and Dezu’s partner, arrogant and elegant doudou, on the table of grace, scribble pens to complete the indulgent singing, and talk and laugh with Moyong. Looking at the articles at that time, I like to be generous.