Question

请各位英语翻译高手帮我翻译一下这些，急用！！

十九世纪科学的迅猛发展使得科学理性精神在整个法国社会得到张扬。现实主义文学已经与科学有了初步的结合，出现了司汤达数学式的精确而清晰的叙述，福楼拜解剖式的人物心理分析。自然主义文学家则将科学更多地引入了文学中，并将其推向极致，形成了一套完备的理论。埃德蒙•德•龚古尔说：“今日，小说强制自己去进行科学研究，完成科学任务”。左拉则认为文学家“应当如象化学家和物理学家研究非生物及生理学家研究生物那样，去研究性格、感情、人类和社会现实”。正是在科学精神的关照下，自然主义追求一种科学式的周全而繁细的描写。
自然主义不仅要求作家有科学家的态度，而且要求作家使用科学家的方法,即实验的方法。左拉说:“假如实验的方法可以引导人们去认识物质生活,那么,实验方法也可以引导人们去认识感情和精神的生活。”(《实验小说》）所谓使用实验的方法，就是作家通过对现实生活的观察搜集到大量关于人的资料后，把人物放到各种环境中去，以便试验出他的情感在自然法则决定下的活动规律。自然主义的小说就是这些实验的记录，故称“实验小说”。按照左拉的说法，正如科学实验者是自然的审问官，实验小说家是“人和人的情欲的审问官”；

Answer 1

The 19th century science swift and violent development enables the
scientific rational spirit to obtain in the entire French society
makes widely known. The realism literature already had the preliminary
union with the science, appeared Si Tangda the mathematics -like
precise and the clear narration, the Flaubert dissection -like
character psycho-analysis. The naturalism writer then more has
introduced the science in the literature, and pushes it to 极致, has
formed set of complete theories. Edmund □German □Gong Gull said
that, "Today, the novel forces oneself to conduct the scientific
research, completes the scientific task". 左拉 thought the writer
"must like likely the chemist and the physicist studies the non-
biology and 生理学家 studies biological such, studies the
disposition, sentimental, human and the social reality". Is precisely
in under scientific spiritual looking after, the naturalism pursues
one science -like complete and the overly detailed description. The
naturalism not only requests the writer to have scientist's manner,
moreover requests the writer to use scientist's method, namely
experimental method. 左拉 said that, "If tests the method may guide
the people to know the material life, then, the experimental technique
also may guide the people to know sentimental and the spiritual life."
("Experimental Novel") the so-called use experiment method, is the
writer through collects to the real life observation to massively
after person's material, puts the character to each kind of
environment in, in order to experiments his emotion under the natural
law decision plan of action. The naturalism novel is these
experimental records, therefore calls "the experimental novel".
According to 左拉 view, just like the scientific laboratory
technician is natural examines 问官, tests the writer of fiction is
"the person and person's passion examines 问官";

Answer 2

19th-century science makes the rapid development of science and rationality in the spirit of the entire French society publicity. Realism and scientific literature has been the combination of a preliminary, there has been Cishangda mathematical precision and clarity of the narrative, Flaubert anatomy-Psychological Analysis of the figures. Nature writer will be the introduction of a more scientific literature, and to push the extreme, form a complete theory. Edmundo • • Gongguer Germany, said: "Today's mandatory to carry out their own scientific research, completed the task." Zola believes that writers "should be such as chemists and physicists as research physiologist non-biological and biological research, to study the character, emotional, human and social realities." It is in the care of the spirit of science, natural science and the pursuit of a comprehensive and complex-thin film.
Naturalism requires not only the attitude of some scientists writers, but also for the authors use the method scientists, experimental method. Zola said: "If the experimental method can guide people to understand the material life, then the experimental methods can be used to guide people to understand the feeling and the life of the spirit." ( "Experimental novel") use of the so-called experimental method is adopted by the writer In real life observations collected a large amount of information on the environment in the various figures to put to the test in his decision Emotion in the natural law of the activities under the law. The novel is the nature of the records of these experiments, the "experimental novels." Zola according to the statement, as it is natural for scientific experiments interrogation officer, experimental novelist, "and the passion of the people questioned officials";

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