assume presume assumption presumption 用法及区别?!
这两个动词均含为“假设,猜想,推测”之意。
assume:指有很少或完全无根据的武断推测或不合逻辑的推理。
presume:侧重以过去经验或根据现实的某些感觉把某事认定为是事实。
Don't assume your baby automatically needs feeding if she's fretful.
不要想当然地认为你的宝宝一闹就是要吃奶。
I would not presume to censure Osborne for hating his mother.
我不会擅自批评奥斯本恨他妈妈这件事。
assumption, presumption
这两个名词均有“假设,假想”之意。
assumption: 侧重主观推测或主观设想。
presumption: 着重指以可能性为依据的假设。
We are working on the assumption that it was a gas explosion.
我们假设这是一场燃气爆炸事故。
I don't think that's a false presumption.
我认为那并不是错误的推测.
这几个词的词根 sume 来源于拉丁语 sumere,意思是“取/拿”,分别讨论如下:
1、Assume ( as + sume)
前缀 as- 是ad- 在字母 s前的同化,表示“朝…方向”。(前缀ad- 在c/k/q,f,g,l,p,s,t 前时,通常各自同化为 ac-,af-,ag-,al-,ap-,as- ,at-)
拉丁词Assumere的原义是“朝着取得的方向”,英语assume 表示朝着事实基础的方向做出“假定/设想/认为”,如:
It is a misconception to assume that the two continents are similar. 关于这两块大陆相似的假设是一种误解。
If the package is wrapped well, we assume the contents are also wonderful. 如果包装精美,我们就会认为里面装的也是好东西。
If mistakes occurred, they were assumed to be the fault of the commander on the spot.如果出现了错误,就会认为是现场指挥官的失误。
2、Assumption
Assumption 是动词assume 通过加后缀–tion 而来的名词,意思同动词。如:
They have taken a wrong turning in their assumption that all men and women think alike. 他们错误地设想所有男女均见解一致。
Dr Subroto questioned the scientific assumption on which the global warming theory is based. 苏布罗托博士质疑全球变暖理论所依据的科学假设。
Economists are working on the assumption of an interest rate cut. 经济学家正在研究降低利率的假设。
3、Presume (=pre + sume)
前缀 pre- 表示“先于/预先”。
拉丁词presume的原义是“擅自先取”,英语的Presume表示在没有证据表明结果是相反的情况下“猜测、推定”。如:
I presume you're here on business. 我想你是来这里出差的。
I wouldn't presume to question your judgment. 我不会冒昧地质疑你的判断。
The agreement presumes that both lenders and borrowers are rational. 这一协议假定借贷双方都是在神志清楚的状态下签订的。
4、Presumption
Presumption也是由动词presume加后缀–tion 构成的名词,意思和动词一样。如:
I don't think that's a false presumption. 我认为那并不是错误的推测
This is the presumption that a defendant is innocent until proved guilty. 这是被告在被证实有罪之前都被视为无罪的假定。
I'm having to make a lot of presumptions since I don't really know anything about the case. 事实上我对这个案件一无所知,很多观点都只能是假设。
当然,assume / assumption 和 presume / presumption 两组词都另有含义,可以通过查词典搞清楚,这里暂不讨论。