Question

急！谁能帮我找一篇机械英文论文，并翻译成中文

要求翻译后的中文有3000字

Answer 1

谈数字印刷机及数字印刷油墨的种类

随着印刷数字化步伐的加快，数字印刷cTP等新技术如火如荼．已经成为当今印刷不可逆转的主流发展技术。数字印刷的印刷适性也与传统印刷有明显的不同．对印刷设备印刷材料，印刷技术提出了新的要求．为了达到良好的印刷质量和高速度生产．数字印刷材料，尤其是数字印刷油墨的研究和开发显得更为重要。经过几年的发展，数字印刷油墨技术已日甄成熟．但数字印刷油墨的高价位仍是制约数字印刷发展的瓶颈。

数字印刷成像原理

要谈数字印刷油墨，必然要谈到数字印刷机，因为不同厂家推出的数字印刷机成像原理不同，对所用数字印刷油墨的组成性能、性状的要求也不同。目前使用的数字ElSiJ设备的成像原理可以分为六大类。

1．电子照相

又称静电成像，是利用激光扫描方法在光导体上形成静电潜影再利用带电色粉与静电潜影的电荷作用，将色粉影像转移到承印物上完成印刷。

2．喷射成像

油墨以一定的速度从微细喷嘴有选择性地喷射到承印物上实现油墨影像再现。喷墨印刷分为连续喷墨印刷和按需喷墨印刷。连续喷墨系统是利用压力使墨水通过细孔形成连续墨流．高速下墨流变成细小液滴之后使液滴带电．带电的墨滴可在电荷板控制下喷射到承印物表面需要的位置而形成打印图文。墨滴偏移量和承印物上墨点位置由墨滴离开细孔时的带电量决定。

按需喷墨与连续喷墨的不同在于作用于储墨盒的压力不是连续的．而是受成像数字信号的控制，需要时才有压力作用而喷射。按需喷墨由于没有墨滴偏移，可省去墨槽和循环系统，喷墨头结构相对简化。

3．电凝聚成像

电凝聚成像是通过电极之间的电化学反应导致油墨发生凝聚．并固着在成像滚筒表面形成图像．没有发生电化学反应的空白区域的油墨仍然保持液态可通过刮板刮除，而滚筒表面由固着油墨形成的图文通过压力即可转移到承印物上，完成印刷。电凝聚数字印刷机的代表机型是EIcorsy公司的产品．分辨力为400dpi。

4．磁记录成像

磁记录成像是依靠磁性材料的磁子在外磁场作用下定向排列形成磁性潜影．再利用磁性色粉与磁性潜影在磁场力下相互作用完成显影．以磁性色粉转移到承印物上形成图像。这种方法一般只用于黑白印刷。

5．静电成像

静电成像是应用最广的数字印刷成像技术．它是利用激光扫描法在光导体上形成静电潜影．利用带电色粉与静电潜影间的电荷作用形成潜影，转移到承印物上即完成印刷。以显影方式不同分为两种一种是采用电子油墨显影．分辨力达800dpi，以HPInd{go为代表。另一种是采用干式色粉显影，分辨力为600dpiXeikon，Xerox、Agfa、CanonKodak、ManRoIand和IBM等的数字印刷机都采用此方法。

6．热成像
热成像是以材料加热后物理性能的改变在介质上成像的．分为直接热成像和热转移成像。直接热成像是使用经专门处理的带有特殊涂层的承印材料，加热后涂层发生颜色转变。热转移成像的油墨涂布于色带上．对色膜或色带加热即转移到承印材料上，成像质量可达照片级。

数字印刷油墨

1．干粉数字印刷油墨

干粉数字印刷油墨由颜料粒子助于电荷形成的颗粒荷电剂与可熔性树脂混合而形成的干粉状油墨。带有负电荷的墨粉被曝光部分吸附形成图像转印到纸上的墨粉图像经加热后墨粉中树脂熔化，固着于承印物上形成图像。

2．液态数字印刷油墨

液态数字印刷油墨常用于喷墨印刷，油墨种类与喷墨头结构有关。喷墨头可分热压式及压电式两大类，而压电式有高精度和低精度2种．EPS0N的喷头属于高精度喷头Xaar及Spectra的喷头属于低精度喷头．高精度喷头多采用水性染料或颜料油墨．后者以采用溶剂型颜料油墨居多。

与传统油墨不同的是．电子液体油墨在介质上的固化不依赖于墨膜干燥时间．而是遇到高温(130。C)橡皮布立即固化在橡皮布上．橡皮布上的油墨图文再100％地转印到纸或其他介质上。另一方面．电子液体油墨的基本材料是新型树脂材料，它的微观形状为多边形．在压力作用下不像传统油墨容易扩散，而是结合紧密与纸张或其他介质接触后立即固化使印刷图像更加清晰网点边缘稍有虚化及扩散。

电子液体油墨分为水性油墨和油性(溶剂型)油墨。水性油墨由溶剂、着色剂、表面活性剂pH调节剂、催干剂及必要的添加组成对于热压式喷墨印刷系统来说，只能选用水性油墨。按需喷墨印刷油墨通常也是基于水性的油墨。油性(溶剂型)油墨由着色剂溶剂，分散3,J~n其他调节剂组成。

3．固态数字印刷油墨

固态数字印刷油墨主要应用于喷墨印刷其在常态下呈固态印刷时油墨加热，黏度减小后而喷射到承印物表面上。固态数字印刷油墨由着色剂、荷粒电荷剂、黏度控制剂和载体等成分组成。

4．电子油墨

电子油墨是用于印刷涂布在特殊片基材料上作为显示器的一种特殊油墨，由微胶囊包裹而成其直径在纳米级。微胶囊内有许多带正电的白色粒子和带负电的黑色粒子，且分布在微胶囊内透明液体中。当微胶囊充正电时．带正电的微粒子聚集在朝向观察者一面．而显示为白色，充负电时．带负电的黑色粒子聚集在观察者一面．而显示黑色。粒子的位置及显示的颜色由电场控制，控制电场由高分辨力的显示阵列底板产生。

5．UV／EB油墨

所谓UV／EB油墨就是利用紫外光固化或电子束能量固化的油墨，uv／EB油墨类辐射固化油墨在喷墨印刷中的应用日益广泛。UV油墨在数字印刷中的最大特点是稳定性好，只在uV光照下固化的优势可以有效避免打印头堵塞．延长打印头的实际使用寿命。但不足之处是．采用uv／EB油墨打印将导致印刷速度降低．比如说油墨供应环节的限制以及大量油墨通过打印头的速度等。目前，Xennla的新型XenJetVivide系列CMYK颜料型uV固化油墨已经通过了Xaar公司的认证．并将这种新油墨用在Omnidot760打印头上。

现在，世界范围内数字印刷油墨的研究正方兴未艾，各数字印刷机生产厂家如Canon、HewIettPackard、EPSONScitexXeikon、HPIndigo等都根据自己数字印刷机的特性而研究开发出适应其系统特性的数字印刷油墨。另外，全球其他著名的油墨制造商．如DIC、太阳化学、富林特、SakataInxCorp等公司也都开始涉足数字印刷油墨的开发与生产。相信随着数字印刷机的普遍使用，对数字印刷油墨的研究开发将更加深入．新的数字印刷5a墨会不断出现。

Discussed digital printer and the numeral printing ink type along with printing digitization step quickening, the numeral prints cTP and so on the new technology to be like a raging fire. Already becomes prints the irreversible mainstream development technology now. The digital printing printability also has the obvious difference with traditional printing. To the printing equipment printing material, the printing technology set the new request. In order to achieve the good print quality and the high velocity production. The digital printing material, in particular the numeral printing ink research and the development appears importantly. After several years development, the numeral printing ink technology Zhen will be later day mature. But the numeral printing ink high price still was restricts the digital printing development the bottleneck
The digital printing image formation principle needs to discuss the numeral printing ink, must talk about the digital printer inevitably, because the different factory promotes the digital printer image formation principle is different, to uses the numeral printing ink the composition performance, the character request to be also different. At present uses the digital ElSiJ equipment image formation principle may divide into six big kinds �? 201. electrons according to �? 20 called the static electricity image formation, is uses the laser scan method to form the static electricity on the photoconductor to dive the shade to use the charged color powder and the static electricity again dives the shade electric charge function, shifts the color powder phantom to accepts for printing in the thing to complete printing �? 202. sprays Cheng �? 20 printing ink have by certain speed from the tiny spray nozzle selectively spray to accept for printing in the thing to realize the printing ink phantom reappearance. Spurts ink printing to divide into continuously spurts ink printing and according to must spurt ink printing. Spurts the ink system is continuously causes the ink using the pressure to form the continual ink class through the pore. After the high speed under ink changes the tiny bubble causes the bubble charged. The charged ink drop may spray under the electric charge board control to accepts for printing the position which the surface needs to form the printing chart article. The ink drop displacement quantity and accepts for printing an inking position leaves when the pore by the ink drop the charged quantity decisionAccording to must spurt the ink with to spurt the ink differently to lie in affects Yu the Chu ink the pressure is not continuously continual. When is the image formation digital signal control, the need only then has the pressure to affect sprays. According to must spurt the ink because does not have the ink drop displacement, may omit the ink trough and the circulatory system, spurts the ink structure relative simplification �? 203. electricity condensation image formation electricity condensation image formation is through the electrode between electrochemistry responded causes the printing ink to have the condensation. And adheres firmly in the image formation drum surface forms the image. Has not had the blank region printing ink which the electrochemistry responded still to maintain the liquid state to be possible through the scraper to blow except, but the drum surface from adheres firmly the chart article which the printing ink forms then to shift through the pressure to accepts for printing in the thing, completes printing. Electricity condensation numeral printer representative the type is the EIcorsy Corporation's product. The resolving power is 400dpi�? 204. magnetic recording image formation magnetic recording image formation is depends upon the magnetic material the magneton the directional arrangement to form magnetism under the outside magnetic field function to dive the shade. Again dives the shade using magnetism sex-linked colors powder and magnetism to affect mutually under the magnetic field strength completes the development. Shifts by magnetism sex-linked colors powder to accepts for printing in the thing to form the image. This method only uses in black and white printing generally5. static electricity Cheng �? 20 static electricity image formations apply the broadest digital printing image formation technology. It is uses the laser scanning method to form the static electricity on the photoconductor to dive the shade. Uses the charged color powder and the static electricity dives the shade electric charge function to form dives the shade, shifts to accepts for printing in the thing namely to complete printing. Develops the way differently to divide into two kinds of one kind uses the electronic printing ink development. Resolving power �? 00dpi, take HPInd {go as representative. Another kind is uses the dry color powder development, the resolving power �? 00dpiXeikon, Xerox, Agfa, CanonKodak, ManRoIand and IBM and so on the digital printer all uses this method �? 206. thermal imagery thermal imageries are after the material heating the physical performance change on the medium the image formation. Divides into the direct thermal imagery and the hot shift image formation. The direct thermal imagery is the use after processes specially has the special coating to accept for printing the material, after the heating the coating has the color transformation. The hot shift image formation printing ink spreads the cloth on the inked ribbon. Namely shifts to the color membrane or the inked ribbon heating to accepts for printing on the material, the image formation quality may reach the picture levelNumeral printing ink 1. dried noodles numeral off-set oil �? Does the powdery printing ink which 20 dried noodles numeral printing ink helps by the pigment granule which forms in the electric charge the pellet electrically charged medicinal preparation and the fusibility resin mix forms. Has the negative charge toner to expose the part adsorption to form the image to transfer in the toner the resin to melt India's to paper on toner image after the heating, adheres firmly in accepts for printing in the thing to form the image �? 202. liquid state numeral off-set oil �? 20 liquid state numeral printing ink commonly used Yu Penmo prints, the printing ink type with spurts an ink structure to concern. Spurts the ink separable thermo-compression type and the piezoelectricity type two big kinds, but the piezoelectricity type has the high accuracy and the low accuracy 2 kind of .EPS0N nozzle belongs to high accuracy nozzle Xaar and the Spectra nozzle belongs to the low accuracy nozzle. The high accuracy nozzle uses the river character dye or the pigment printing ink. The latter uses the solvent pigment printing ink majority 不好意思 ，没有完整的给你 你按照我给的网址自己找你需要的

Answer 2

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