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三、嵌入式操作系统选型当我们在设计信息电器、数字医疗设备等嵌入式产品时，嵌入式操作系统的选择至关重要。一般而言，在选择嵌入式操作系统时，可以遵循以下原则。总的来说，就是“...
三、嵌入式操作系统选型
当我们在设计信息电器、数字医疗设备等嵌入式产品时，嵌入式操作系统的选择至关重要。一般而言，在选择嵌入式操作系统时，可以遵循以下原则。总的来说，就是“做加法还是做减法”的问题。
（一）市场进入时间
制定产品时间表与选择操作系统有关系，实际产品和一般演示是不同的。目前是Windows程序员可能是人力资源最丰富的。现成资源最多的也就可能是WinCE。使用WinCE能够很快进入市场。因为WinCE+X86做产品实际上是在做减法，去掉你不要的功能，能很快出产品，但伴随的可能是成本高，核心竞争力差。而某些高效的操作系统可能由于编程人员缺乏，或由于这方面的技术积累不够，影响开发进度。
（二）可移植性
操作系统相关性。当进行嵌入式软件开发时，可移植性是要重点考虑的问题。良好的软件移植性应该比较好，可以在不同平台、不同系统上运行，跟操作系统无关。软件的通用性和软件的性能通常是矛盾的。即通用以损失某些特定情况下的优化性能为代价。很难设想开发一个嵌入式浏览器而仅能在某一特定环境下应用。反过来说，当产品与平台和操作系统紧密结合时，往往你的产品的特色就蕴含其中。
（三）可利用资源
产品开发不同于学术课题研究，它是以快速、低成本、高质量的推出适合用户需求的产品为目的的。集中精力研发出产品的特色，其他功能尽量由操作系统附加或采用第三方产品，因此操作系统的可利用资源对于选型是一个重要参考条件。Linux和WinCE都有大量的资源可以利用，这是他们被看好的重要原因。其他有些实时操作系统由于比较封闭，开发时可以利用的资源比较少，因此多数功能需要自己独立开发。从而影响开发进度。近来的市场需求显示，越来越多的嵌入式系统，均要求提供全功能的Web浏览器。而这要求有一个高性能、高可靠的GUI的支持。
（四）系统定制能力
信息产品不同于传统PC的Wintel结构的单纯性，用户的需求是千差万别的，硬件平台也都不一样，所以对系统的定制能力提出了要求。要分析产品是否对系统底层有改动的需求，这种改动是否伴随着产品特色?Linux由于其源代码开放的天生魅力，在定制能力方面具有优势。随着WinCE3.0原码的开放，以及微软在嵌入式领域力度的加强，其定制能力会有所提升。
（五）成本
成本是所有产品不得不考虑的问题。操作系统的选择会对成本有什么影响呢?Linux免费，WinCE等商业系统需要支付许可证使用费，但这都不是问题的答案。成本是需要综合权衡以后进行考虑的——选择某一系统可能会对其他一系列的因素产生影响，如对硬件设备的选型、人员投入、以及公司管理和与其他合作伙伴的共同开发之间的沟通等许多方面的影响。 展开
当我们在设计信息电器、数字医疗设备等嵌入式产品时，嵌入式操作系统的选择至关重要。一般而言，在选择嵌入式操作系统时，可以遵循以下原则。总的来说，就是“做加法还是做减法”的问题。
（一）市场进入时间
制定产品时间表与选择操作系统有关系，实际产品和一般演示是不同的。目前是Windows程序员可能是人力资源最丰富的。现成资源最多的也就可能是WinCE。使用WinCE能够很快进入市场。因为WinCE+X86做产品实际上是在做减法，去掉你不要的功能，能很快出产品，但伴随的可能是成本高，核心竞争力差。而某些高效的操作系统可能由于编程人员缺乏，或由于这方面的技术积累不够，影响开发进度。
（二）可移植性
操作系统相关性。当进行嵌入式软件开发时，可移植性是要重点考虑的问题。良好的软件移植性应该比较好，可以在不同平台、不同系统上运行，跟操作系统无关。软件的通用性和软件的性能通常是矛盾的。即通用以损失某些特定情况下的优化性能为代价。很难设想开发一个嵌入式浏览器而仅能在某一特定环境下应用。反过来说，当产品与平台和操作系统紧密结合时，往往你的产品的特色就蕴含其中。
（三）可利用资源
产品开发不同于学术课题研究，它是以快速、低成本、高质量的推出适合用户需求的产品为目的的。集中精力研发出产品的特色，其他功能尽量由操作系统附加或采用第三方产品，因此操作系统的可利用资源对于选型是一个重要参考条件。Linux和WinCE都有大量的资源可以利用，这是他们被看好的重要原因。其他有些实时操作系统由于比较封闭，开发时可以利用的资源比较少，因此多数功能需要自己独立开发。从而影响开发进度。近来的市场需求显示，越来越多的嵌入式系统，均要求提供全功能的Web浏览器。而这要求有一个高性能、高可靠的GUI的支持。
（四）系统定制能力
信息产品不同于传统PC的Wintel结构的单纯性，用户的需求是千差万别的，硬件平台也都不一样，所以对系统的定制能力提出了要求。要分析产品是否对系统底层有改动的需求，这种改动是否伴随着产品特色?Linux由于其源代码开放的天生魅力，在定制能力方面具有优势。随着WinCE3.0原码的开放，以及微软在嵌入式领域力度的加强，其定制能力会有所提升。
（五）成本
成本是所有产品不得不考虑的问题。操作系统的选择会对成本有什么影响呢?Linux免费，WinCE等商业系统需要支付许可证使用费，但这都不是问题的答案。成本是需要综合权衡以后进行考虑的——选择某一系统可能会对其他一系列的因素产生影响，如对硬件设备的选型、人员投入、以及公司管理和与其他合作伙伴的共同开发之间的沟通等许多方面的影响。 展开
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Third, embedded operating system selection
When we design information appliances, medical equipment and other embedded digital products, the choice of critical embedded operating system. Generally speaking, the choice of embedded operating system, can be guided by the following principles. Overall, that is, "boosting or do subtraction."
(A) time-to-market
Timetable for the development of products with a choice of operating systems, the actual products and general presentation is different. Windows programmers may now is the most abundant human resources. The most readily available resources will be WinCE. Use WinCE will soon enter the market. Do because WinCE + X86 product is in fact doing subtraction, and you do not remove the function of the product quickly, but may be accompanied by high costs, the core competitiveness of the poor. And some highly efficient operating system because programmers may lack, or because of this technology accumulated enough, the impact of the development progress.
(B) portability
OS relevance. When embedded software development, portability is to focus on the issue. Transplantation of good software should be better, in different platforms, running on different systems, has nothing to do with the operating system. Universal software and the performance of software is usually contradictory. GM is a loss of certain specific circumstances at the expense of optimal performance. It is hard to imagine the development of an embedded browser and only in a specific application environment. Conversely, when the products and platforms and operating systems closely integrated, you often on the characteristics of the products contained one.
(C) use of resources
Product development is different from academic research, and it is fast, low-cost, high-quality suitable for the introduction of user needs for the purpose of the product. R & D focus on the characteristics of the product, other additional functions to the operating system or using third-party products, the operating system for the selection of available resources is an important reference conditions. Linux and WinCE have a lot of resources can be used, it is good they are an important reason. Because some other relatively closed real-time operating systems, development of resources to be used less, and therefore many functional needs its own independent development. Thus affecting the development progress. Recently the market demand that more and more embedded systems, are required to provide a full-featured Web browser. This requires a high-performance, highly reliable, GUI support.
(4) The ability to customize system
Information products different from the traditional structure of the Wintel PC's simple, user needs are vastly different, not the same hardware platform, the ability to customize the system set forth requirements. In order to analyze whether or not the products of the system there are changes to the underlying demand, which is accompanied by changes in product characteristics? Linux because of its open source code for the natural charm, has the ability to customize advantage. With the opening up of WinCE3.0 original code, and Microsoft in the embedded as the strengthening of the field, will be its ability to customize upgrade.
(5) Cost
All products cost to consider. The choice of operating system will have any impact on the cost? Free Linux, WinCE and other business systems need to pay licensing fees to use, but it is not the answer to the question. Comprehensive cost is the need to consider the balance after - the choice of a system may be a series of other factors have an impact, such as the selection of hardware equipment, and personnel input, as well as company management and with other partners to develop between communication and other areas affected.
When we design information appliances, medical equipment and other embedded digital products, the choice of critical embedded operating system. Generally speaking, the choice of embedded operating system, can be guided by the following principles. Overall, that is, "boosting or do subtraction."
(A) time-to-market
Timetable for the development of products with a choice of operating systems, the actual products and general presentation is different. Windows programmers may now is the most abundant human resources. The most readily available resources will be WinCE. Use WinCE will soon enter the market. Do because WinCE + X86 product is in fact doing subtraction, and you do not remove the function of the product quickly, but may be accompanied by high costs, the core competitiveness of the poor. And some highly efficient operating system because programmers may lack, or because of this technology accumulated enough, the impact of the development progress.
(B) portability
OS relevance. When embedded software development, portability is to focus on the issue. Transplantation of good software should be better, in different platforms, running on different systems, has nothing to do with the operating system. Universal software and the performance of software is usually contradictory. GM is a loss of certain specific circumstances at the expense of optimal performance. It is hard to imagine the development of an embedded browser and only in a specific application environment. Conversely, when the products and platforms and operating systems closely integrated, you often on the characteristics of the products contained one.
(C) use of resources
Product development is different from academic research, and it is fast, low-cost, high-quality suitable for the introduction of user needs for the purpose of the product. R & D focus on the characteristics of the product, other additional functions to the operating system or using third-party products, the operating system for the selection of available resources is an important reference conditions. Linux and WinCE have a lot of resources can be used, it is good they are an important reason. Because some other relatively closed real-time operating systems, development of resources to be used less, and therefore many functional needs its own independent development. Thus affecting the development progress. Recently the market demand that more and more embedded systems, are required to provide a full-featured Web browser. This requires a high-performance, highly reliable, GUI support.
(4) The ability to customize system
Information products different from the traditional structure of the Wintel PC's simple, user needs are vastly different, not the same hardware platform, the ability to customize the system set forth requirements. In order to analyze whether or not the products of the system there are changes to the underlying demand, which is accompanied by changes in product characteristics? Linux because of its open source code for the natural charm, has the ability to customize advantage. With the opening up of WinCE3.0 original code, and Microsoft in the embedded as the strengthening of the field, will be its ability to customize upgrade.
(5) Cost
All products cost to consider. The choice of operating system will have any impact on the cost? Free Linux, WinCE and other business systems need to pay licensing fees to use, but it is not the answer to the question. Comprehensive cost is the need to consider the balance after - the choice of a system may be a series of other factors have an impact, such as the selection of hardware equipment, and personnel input, as well as company management and with other partners to develop between communication and other areas affected.
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