2014年英语专四考试词汇语法题考前练兵（21）
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Test Twenty-One
近义词辨析?
beat, win, conquer, defeat, overcome
这组词均有“获胜，征服，击败”之意。
beat
指在战争、竞赛或其他方面最终彻底战胜对方，对象可以是人，也可以是物。
win
指在竞赛或战斗中击败对方，其对象一般应是物，如battle, race, victory等。
conquer
既可指靠武力或精神道方面的力量使对方屈服，又可指在排除障碍和阻力后取得胜利。
defeat
意为“击败”，强调的是暂时的胜利。
overcome
既可指在战斗和竞赛中战胜对方，也可指在感情、习惯等方面压倒，胜过。
如：We can easily beat you at baseball.打垒球我们可以轻易地击败你们。
The Chinese team won in the end.最后中国队赢了。
The Normans conquered England in 1066.1066年，诺曼底人征服了英格兰。
He defeated his opponents in this election.在这次竞选中，他击败了对手。
He made efforts to overcome every difficulty.他努力克服每一个困难。
award, reward
这组词均含有“授予，给予”的意思。
award
意为“授予，给予”，通常指官方或法院根据规定把钱财等奖给或判给某人。
reward
意为“酬劳，奖赏”，通常指因做了某一件事或提供了某种服务而应得到的报答或酬谢。
如：
He was awarded a medal for his outstanding contribution to science.由于对科学作出了杰出贡献，他被授予一枚奖章。
He rewarded me with 30 dollars for taking him to the airport.我把他送到机场，他给了我30美元作酬金。
全真模拟试题
1. She never laughed, ?____? lose her temper.
A. nor she ever did B. or she ever did
C. or did she ever D. nor did she ever
2. ?____? with the developed areas, people’s living standard of this province is not high at all.
A. Compare B. While comparing
C. When compared D. Comparing
3. It is no use ?____? me not to worry about his injury.
A. you tell B. your telling
C. for you to have told D. having told
4. If the earth suddenly ?____? spinning, we would allfly off it.
A. had stopped B. stopped
C. has stopped D. would stop
5. Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication ?______? the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.
A. in that B. in which
C. in order that D. in the way
6. After taking office, China’s Prime Minister, Zhu Rongji, tried his best to promote the new ?____? policies.
A. economic B. economical C. economy D. economics
7. Look at these clouds. ?____?.
A. It will rain B. It’s going to rain
C. It will be raining D. It is to rain
8. ?____? the 1500’s ?____? the first Europeans explored the coast of California.
A. It was not until/then B. It is not until/when
C. It is until/that D. It was not until/that
9. ?____? the letter, I ran out of the room to the post office.
A. Finishing
B. No sooner that I had finished up
C. As soon as I finished writing
D. Since I finished up to write
10. If the law and order ?____?, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.
A. are not preserved B. have not been preserved
C. were notpreserved D. is not preserved
11. Before moving to another city, Amy ?____? of the house and the furniture.
A. disposed B. discarded C. discharged D. distributed
12. Amy Taylor was ?____? both as a drama critic and as a poet.
A. subtle B. progressive C. eminent D. plausible
13. He was very much interested in the work of charities, and made a regular ?____? to them.
A.dedication B. fellowship
C. hospitality D. contribution
14. The temperature ?____? greatly; the days were very hot, the nights very cold.
A. changed B. altered C. varied D. reflected
15. The washing machine would not work because of a(n) ?____?in the switch.
A. mistake B. trouble C. error D. defect
16. Recently there has been a great ?____? for small cars that consume little gas.
A. request B. want C. demand D. claim
17. Mark ?____? his breath in wonder when he saw the Christmas tree in the sitting room.
A. held B. grasped C. kept D . blew
18. Our school singing group is going to give a(n) ?____?performance next month. Don’t miss it.
A. alive B. living C. life D. live
19. The old buildings blend with the new ones in perfect ?____?so a walk along Nanking Road is an enjoyable discovery.
A. control B. order C. harmony D. action
20. It is not profitable to provide bus service in districts where the population is widely ?____?.
A. divided B. separated C. spaced D. scattered
21. It was necessary to ?____? the factory building as the company was doing more and more business.
A. extend B. increase C. lengthen D. grow
22. He studied hard in his youth, which ?____? his great success in later life.
A. answered for B. consisted of
C. doubled up D. contributed to
23. If I look the other way, I can see the mouth of the river, wild and ?____?, and the sea beyond.
A. grand B. inspired C. fierce D. splendid
24. The relationship between dream life and waking life has been studied ?____?.
A. originally B. intensively C. extremely D. properly
25. ?____? the danger from enemy action, people had to cope with severe shortage of food, clothing, fuel, and almost everything.
A. as to B. as usual C. as regards D. as well as
试题答案与解析
1. D)【句意】她从未开怀大笑过，也从未发过脾气。
【难点】由so, nor, neither引导的并列分句，表示“同样，也”等意义时，主谓语要倒装。
2. C)【句意】与发达地区相比，该省人民的生活水平根本就不高。
【难点】本句中发达地区和该省为对比的对象，状语部分中动词的逻辑主语应该是“该省”,故应该采用被动语态。when compared是when it is compared的省略。
3. B)【句意】你让我别担心他的伤势，可那没用。
【难点】It is no use 后通常跟动名词短语。
4. B)【句意】如果地球突然停止运转，我们都会从上面飞离出去。
【难点】表示与现在存在的客观事实相反的假设，一般用虚拟语气句，条件句的谓语为动词过去时。
5. A)【句意】广告不同于其他的传播方式，是因为广告商得为发布的信息付费。
【难点】in that 引导原因状语，往往用于书面语，放在句中而不在句首，意为“因为，原因在于”。In which一般用来引导定语从句，修饰表示方位的名词。In order that常常用于引导目的状语从句。
6. A)【句意】中国国务院总理朱****在上任伊始便尽力推行新的经济政策。
【难点】economic 意为“经济的，与经济有关的”。economical 意为“节约的，不浪费的”。economy意为“经济”。economics意为“经济学”。
7. B)【句意】看看这些乌云，马上就要下雨了。
【难点】选项A)中will表示一种意愿。B)中的be going to do sth 表示目前已有迹象表明即将发生某种事情。C)中使用了将来进行时，用来表示将来某一时刻或某一时期正在进行的动作。D)中的be to do sth 表示一种计划或安排。
8. D)【句意】直到16世纪，第一批欧洲人才发现加利福尼亚海岸。
【难点】本句将not until…that…句型和强调句It is (was)…that…结合在一起，形成一个新的常用的结构。
9. C)【句意】一写完信，我就从家里跑到邮局。
【难点】finish为及物动词，后边直接跟名词或动名词，A)项变成Havingfinished才正确。
10. D)【句意】如果法律与秩序不存在，公民及其财产也就无安全可言。
【难点】本句意在陈述一项事实，所以应采用一般时,law and order是习语，意为“治安”，作单数。
11. A)【句意】在搬到另一个城市之前，艾米处理掉了房子和家具。
【难点】dispose of 意为“处理，整理”;discard意为“丢弃;抛弃”; discharge 意为“解雇，免…的职务;开除”; distribute意为“分开;分送;分配”。
12. C)【句意】艾米•泰勒既是个卓越的戏剧评论家，也是个卓越的诗人。
【难点】eminent意为“(在地位，学识，品格等方面)出众的，卓越的，显著的”;subtle意为“微妙的，敏锐的，灵巧的”;progressive意为“进步的，前进的”;plausible意为“(论点等)貌似有理的，貌似真实的”。
13. D)【句意】他对慈善事业很感兴趣，并定期作些捐赠。
【难点】contribution 意为“捐款，贡献;捐助”，make a contribution to 是动词短语，意为“向…捐款”;dedication 意为“献身;献身精神”;fellowship 意为“伙伴关系;友情;友谊”;hospitality 意为“友好款待;好客;殷勤”。
14. C)【句意】气温变化非常大，白天特别热，夜晚特别冷。
【难点】vary意为“相异，不同;变化; change意为“改变，变化”，尤指全面发生的变化;alter意为“(部分地)改变，变动;更改”;reflect意为“反射;反应;显现”。
15. D)【句意】由于开关有毛病，洗衣机就是不起动。
【难点】defect意为“缺陷;弱点”;mistake意为“错误;过失”;trouble意为“困难，麻烦，困扰”;error 意为“失误，错误”。
16. C)【句意】近来对油耗低的微型小汽车的需求量一直很大。
【难点】demand意为“需求，需求量,要求”，supply and demand构成“供需”之意;request意为“请求，请”;want 意为“需要，缺乏”，常用于for want of 这一短语中;claim意为“要求,主张，声称,认领”。
17. A)【句意】当马克看到起居室里的圣诞树时，他惊讶地屏住了呼吸。
【难点】hold one’s breath 意为“(因紧张，激动等)屏息”，另外三个动词不能和breath进行合理搭配。
18. D)【句意】我们学校合唱队下月将进行现场表演，千万不要错过哟!
【难点】live 在本句中是形容词，意为“现场直播的，实况转播的”;alive 意为“有活力的，有生色的，活跃的”;living意为“逼真的，惟妙惟肖的”;life为名词，不适合本句句意。
19. C)【句意】南京路上新旧建筑物如此和谐，以致走在路上，你会感到心旷神怡。
【难点】in harmony意为“协调一致，和睦融洽”;in control 意为“处于被控制状态”;in order 意为“井然有序，处于良好状态”;in action意为“在起作用，在行动中”。
20. D)【句意】人口分布稀疏的地区通公共汽车不划算。
【难点】scatter意为“使分散”;divide意为“分隔，把…隔开”;separate 意为“使(两者)分开，分离”;space意为“(用间隔)分隔开”。
21. A)【句意】公司的生意越做越大，有必要扩大厂房。
【难点】extend意为“扩展，扩大…范围”;increase意为“增加，增大，增强”;lengthen意为“使延长，使伸长”;grow意为“增长，增长，发展，扩大”。
22. D)【句意】他年轻的时候学习很努力，这也是他后半生取得巨大成功的原因。
【难点】contribute to意为“有助于，促成，是…的部分原因”;answer for 意为“负有责任，需作交待”;consist of 意为“组成，构成”;double up意为“笑弯了腰”。
23. C)【句意】如果我朝另一侧看，我能看见河口，汹涌奔腾，再往远处，就是大海。
【难点】fierce 意为“猛烈的”;grand意为“雄伟的，堂皇的，庄重的”;inspired意为“受到鼓舞的”;splendid 意为“壮丽的，华丽的，壮观的”。
24. B)【句意】梦境生活与现实生活的联系已被彻底研究过。
【难点】intensively 意为“集中地，彻底地”;originally 意为“本来，原来”，不能和完成时连用;extremely意为“极端地，非常地”;properly 意为“适宜地，恰当地”。
25. D)【句意】除有敌人进攻的危险，人们还要去应付衣食、燃料和几乎所有物资的紧缺。
【难点】as well as 意为“除…之外，还要…”;as to 意为“关于”; as usual 意为“照常，照例”，不是介词词组，不能用于本句， as regards 意为“关于…,至于…”。
近义词辨析?
beat, win, conquer, defeat, overcome
这组词均有“获胜，征服，击败”之意。
beat
指在战争、竞赛或其他方面最终彻底战胜对方，对象可以是人，也可以是物。
win
指在竞赛或战斗中击败对方，其对象一般应是物，如battle, race, victory等。
conquer
既可指靠武力或精神道方面的力量使对方屈服，又可指在排除障碍和阻力后取得胜利。
defeat
意为“击败”，强调的是暂时的胜利。
overcome
既可指在战斗和竞赛中战胜对方，也可指在感情、习惯等方面压倒，胜过。
如：We can easily beat you at baseball.打垒球我们可以轻易地击败你们。
The Chinese team won in the end.最后中国队赢了。
The Normans conquered England in 1066.1066年，诺曼底人征服了英格兰。
He defeated his opponents in this election.在这次竞选中，他击败了对手。
He made efforts to overcome every difficulty.他努力克服每一个困难。
award, reward
这组词均含有“授予，给予”的意思。
award
意为“授予，给予”，通常指官方或法院根据规定把钱财等奖给或判给某人。
reward
意为“酬劳，奖赏”，通常指因做了某一件事或提供了某种服务而应得到的报答或酬谢。
如：
He was awarded a medal for his outstanding contribution to science.由于对科学作出了杰出贡献，他被授予一枚奖章。
He rewarded me with 30 dollars for taking him to the airport.我把他送到机场，他给了我30美元作酬金。
全真模拟试题
1. She never laughed, ?____? lose her temper.
A. nor she ever did B. or she ever did
C. or did she ever D. nor did she ever
2. ?____? with the developed areas, people’s living standard of this province is not high at all.
A. Compare B. While comparing
C. When compared D. Comparing
3. It is no use ?____? me not to worry about his injury.
A. you tell B. your telling
C. for you to have told D. having told
4. If the earth suddenly ?____? spinning, we would allfly off it.
A. had stopped B. stopped
C. has stopped D. would stop
5. Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication ?______? the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.
A. in that B. in which
C. in order that D. in the way
6. After taking office, China’s Prime Minister, Zhu Rongji, tried his best to promote the new ?____? policies.
A. economic B. economical C. economy D. economics
7. Look at these clouds. ?____?.
A. It will rain B. It’s going to rain
C. It will be raining D. It is to rain
8. ?____? the 1500’s ?____? the first Europeans explored the coast of California.
A. It was not until/then B. It is not until/when
C. It is until/that D. It was not until/that
9. ?____? the letter, I ran out of the room to the post office.
A. Finishing
B. No sooner that I had finished up
C. As soon as I finished writing
D. Since I finished up to write
10. If the law and order ?____?, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.
A. are not preserved B. have not been preserved
C. were notpreserved D. is not preserved
11. Before moving to another city, Amy ?____? of the house and the furniture.
A. disposed B. discarded C. discharged D. distributed
12. Amy Taylor was ?____? both as a drama critic and as a poet.
A. subtle B. progressive C. eminent D. plausible
13. He was very much interested in the work of charities, and made a regular ?____? to them.
A.dedication B. fellowship
C. hospitality D. contribution
14. The temperature ?____? greatly; the days were very hot, the nights very cold.
A. changed B. altered C. varied D. reflected
15. The washing machine would not work because of a(n) ?____?in the switch.
A. mistake B. trouble C. error D. defect
16. Recently there has been a great ?____? for small cars that consume little gas.
A. request B. want C. demand D. claim
17. Mark ?____? his breath in wonder when he saw the Christmas tree in the sitting room.
A. held B. grasped C. kept D . blew
18. Our school singing group is going to give a(n) ?____?performance next month. Don’t miss it.
A. alive B. living C. life D. live
19. The old buildings blend with the new ones in perfect ?____?so a walk along Nanking Road is an enjoyable discovery.
A. control B. order C. harmony D. action
20. It is not profitable to provide bus service in districts where the population is widely ?____?.
A. divided B. separated C. spaced D. scattered
21. It was necessary to ?____? the factory building as the company was doing more and more business.
A. extend B. increase C. lengthen D. grow
22. He studied hard in his youth, which ?____? his great success in later life.
A. answered for B. consisted of
C. doubled up D. contributed to
23. If I look the other way, I can see the mouth of the river, wild and ?____?, and the sea beyond.
A. grand B. inspired C. fierce D. splendid
24. The relationship between dream life and waking life has been studied ?____?.
A. originally B. intensively C. extremely D. properly
25. ?____? the danger from enemy action, people had to cope with severe shortage of food, clothing, fuel, and almost everything.
A. as to B. as usual C. as regards D. as well as
试题答案与解析
1. D)【句意】她从未开怀大笑过，也从未发过脾气。
【难点】由so, nor, neither引导的并列分句，表示“同样，也”等意义时，主谓语要倒装。
2. C)【句意】与发达地区相比，该省人民的生活水平根本就不高。
【难点】本句中发达地区和该省为对比的对象，状语部分中动词的逻辑主语应该是“该省”,故应该采用被动语态。when compared是when it is compared的省略。
3. B)【句意】你让我别担心他的伤势，可那没用。
【难点】It is no use 后通常跟动名词短语。
4. B)【句意】如果地球突然停止运转，我们都会从上面飞离出去。
【难点】表示与现在存在的客观事实相反的假设，一般用虚拟语气句，条件句的谓语为动词过去时。
5. A)【句意】广告不同于其他的传播方式，是因为广告商得为发布的信息付费。
【难点】in that 引导原因状语，往往用于书面语，放在句中而不在句首，意为“因为，原因在于”。In which一般用来引导定语从句，修饰表示方位的名词。In order that常常用于引导目的状语从句。
6. A)【句意】中国国务院总理朱****在上任伊始便尽力推行新的经济政策。
【难点】economic 意为“经济的，与经济有关的”。economical 意为“节约的，不浪费的”。economy意为“经济”。economics意为“经济学”。
7. B)【句意】看看这些乌云，马上就要下雨了。
【难点】选项A)中will表示一种意愿。B)中的be going to do sth 表示目前已有迹象表明即将发生某种事情。C)中使用了将来进行时，用来表示将来某一时刻或某一时期正在进行的动作。D)中的be to do sth 表示一种计划或安排。
8. D)【句意】直到16世纪，第一批欧洲人才发现加利福尼亚海岸。
【难点】本句将not until…that…句型和强调句It is (was)…that…结合在一起，形成一个新的常用的结构。
9. C)【句意】一写完信，我就从家里跑到邮局。
【难点】finish为及物动词，后边直接跟名词或动名词，A)项变成Havingfinished才正确。
10. D)【句意】如果法律与秩序不存在，公民及其财产也就无安全可言。
【难点】本句意在陈述一项事实，所以应采用一般时,law and order是习语，意为“治安”，作单数。
11. A)【句意】在搬到另一个城市之前，艾米处理掉了房子和家具。
【难点】dispose of 意为“处理，整理”;discard意为“丢弃;抛弃”; discharge 意为“解雇，免…的职务;开除”; distribute意为“分开;分送;分配”。
12. C)【句意】艾米•泰勒既是个卓越的戏剧评论家，也是个卓越的诗人。
【难点】eminent意为“(在地位，学识，品格等方面)出众的，卓越的，显著的”;subtle意为“微妙的，敏锐的，灵巧的”;progressive意为“进步的，前进的”;plausible意为“(论点等)貌似有理的，貌似真实的”。
13. D)【句意】他对慈善事业很感兴趣，并定期作些捐赠。
【难点】contribution 意为“捐款，贡献;捐助”，make a contribution to 是动词短语，意为“向…捐款”;dedication 意为“献身;献身精神”;fellowship 意为“伙伴关系;友情;友谊”;hospitality 意为“友好款待;好客;殷勤”。
14. C)【句意】气温变化非常大，白天特别热，夜晚特别冷。
【难点】vary意为“相异，不同;变化; change意为“改变，变化”，尤指全面发生的变化;alter意为“(部分地)改变，变动;更改”;reflect意为“反射;反应;显现”。
15. D)【句意】由于开关有毛病，洗衣机就是不起动。
【难点】defect意为“缺陷;弱点”;mistake意为“错误;过失”;trouble意为“困难，麻烦，困扰”;error 意为“失误，错误”。
16. C)【句意】近来对油耗低的微型小汽车的需求量一直很大。
【难点】demand意为“需求，需求量,要求”，supply and demand构成“供需”之意;request意为“请求，请”;want 意为“需要，缺乏”，常用于for want of 这一短语中;claim意为“要求,主张，声称,认领”。
17. A)【句意】当马克看到起居室里的圣诞树时，他惊讶地屏住了呼吸。
【难点】hold one’s breath 意为“(因紧张，激动等)屏息”，另外三个动词不能和breath进行合理搭配。
18. D)【句意】我们学校合唱队下月将进行现场表演，千万不要错过哟!
【难点】live 在本句中是形容词，意为“现场直播的，实况转播的”;alive 意为“有活力的，有生色的，活跃的”;living意为“逼真的，惟妙惟肖的”;life为名词，不适合本句句意。
19. C)【句意】南京路上新旧建筑物如此和谐，以致走在路上，你会感到心旷神怡。
【难点】in harmony意为“协调一致，和睦融洽”;in control 意为“处于被控制状态”;in order 意为“井然有序，处于良好状态”;in action意为“在起作用，在行动中”。
20. D)【句意】人口分布稀疏的地区通公共汽车不划算。
【难点】scatter意为“使分散”;divide意为“分隔，把…隔开”;separate 意为“使(两者)分开，分离”;space意为“(用间隔)分隔开”。
21. A)【句意】公司的生意越做越大，有必要扩大厂房。
【难点】extend意为“扩展，扩大…范围”;increase意为“增加，增大，增强”;lengthen意为“使延长，使伸长”;grow意为“增长，增长，发展，扩大”。
22. D)【句意】他年轻的时候学习很努力，这也是他后半生取得巨大成功的原因。
【难点】contribute to意为“有助于，促成，是…的部分原因”;answer for 意为“负有责任，需作交待”;consist of 意为“组成，构成”;double up意为“笑弯了腰”。
23. C)【句意】如果我朝另一侧看，我能看见河口，汹涌奔腾，再往远处，就是大海。
【难点】fierce 意为“猛烈的”;grand意为“雄伟的，堂皇的，庄重的”;inspired意为“受到鼓舞的”;splendid 意为“壮丽的，华丽的，壮观的”。
24. B)【句意】梦境生活与现实生活的联系已被彻底研究过。
【难点】intensively 意为“集中地，彻底地”;originally 意为“本来，原来”，不能和完成时连用;extremely意为“极端地，非常地”;properly 意为“适宜地，恰当地”。
25. D)【句意】除有敌人进攻的危险，人们还要去应付衣食、燃料和几乎所有物资的紧缺。
【难点】as well as 意为“除…之外，还要…”;as to 意为“关于”; as usual 意为“照常，照例”，不是介词词组，不能用于本句， as regards 意为“关于…,至于…”。
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