Question

求解一道概率证明题~！！

Answer 1

解：
S^2=[(X1-X)^2+(X2-X)^2....+(Xn-X)^2]/(n-1)
X表示样本均值=(X1+X2+...+Xn)/n

设A=(X1-X)^2+(X2-X)^2....+(Xn-X)^2
E(A)=E[(X1-X)^2+(X2-X)^2....+(Xn-X)^2]
=E[(X1)^2-2X*X1+X^2+(X2)^2-2X*X2+X^2+(X2-X)^2....+(Xn)^2-2X*Xn+X^2]
=E[(X1)^2+(X2)^2...+(Xn)^2+nX^2-2X*(X1+X2+...+Xn)]
=E[(X1)^2+(X2)^2...+(Xn)^2+nX^2-2X*(nX)]
=E[(X1)^2+(X2)^2...+(Xn)^2-nX^2]

而E(Xi)^2=D(Xi)+[E(Xi)]^2=σ²+μ²
E(X)^2=D(X)+[E(X)]^2=σ²/n+μ²
所以E(A)=E[(X1-X)^2+(X2-X)^2....+(Xn-X)^2]
=n(σ²+μ²)-n(σ²/n+μ²)
=(n-1)σ²

S^2=A/(n-1)
所以 E(S^2)=(n-1)σ²/(n-1)=σ²
得证
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