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Women Are Getting Smarter Faster Than Men, Study Says
By Tia Ghose, July 29, 2014

When it comes to smarts, women are catching up to men in some areas and outpacing them in others, new research has found.
In particular, women, on average, are better than men at so-called episodic memory, which involves recalling and describing experiences and facts, while men's edge over women in numerical abilities has narrowed somewhat. The findings were drawn from a large study of older people from 13 different European countries.
Overall, humans have gotten smarter through time. That cognitive leap is thanks largely to better health, education and living conditions, the new study finds.
"When living conditions increase over time, so do cognitive abilities both for men and women, and that has been shown previously," said study co-author Agneta Herlitz, a psychologist at the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden. "But we show that women's cognitive abilities increase more than men's."
Long before Teen Talk Barbie said the words "math is hard," people have debated whether average gender differences in cognition are innate, the product of a sexist society or a little of both.
Studies have consistently shown differences between the average cognitive abilities of men and women. Dozens of studies have found men are, on average, better able to rotate objects in their minds, whereas women do better on tasks associated with episodic memory, meaning they can better recall lists of words or objects.
An average woman's brain, that study revealed, has more connections between hemispheres, while a man's noggin has more connections within hemispheres. The study researchers speculated that this may make the male brain better at motor skills and the female brain better at combining analytical and intuitive thinking.
The researchers looked at data from 2006 to 2007 in the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe, which included 31,000 men and women who were born between 1923 and 1957 in 13 different European countries. The researchers compared older and younger groups to show how cognition has changed over time.
Women in Northern Europe outperformed men in their recall ability, whereas in Central and Southern Europe, only women from the younger cohorts showed this advantage.
Men outperformed women in the math questions in all regions, though the margin narrowed over time. The math gap between the sexes was much greater for people in Central and Southern Europe. Men and women performed equally well at category fluency in Northern Europe, and women caught up with men for later cohorts in Central Europe.
Though everyone saw improvements over time, the women did so more dramatically. The gains in smarts coincided with better living conditions, as measured by gross domestic product (GDP), fertility rate, health indicators such as mortality rate, and educational opportunities, the researchers found.

Answer 1

女性越来越聪明，比男人快，研究称
2014年7月29日，由Tia Ghose
说到智慧，女性也像男性在某些方面超过别人，新的研究发现。
特别是，女性，平均而言，比男性在所谓的情节记忆，这包括回顾和描述的经验和事实，而男性的边缘在数字能力的妇女已经有所缩小。这项研究结果是从13个不同的欧洲国家的老年人中得出的。
总体而言，人类已经变得更加聪明，通过时间。新的研究发现，认知的飞跃主要得益于健康、教育和生活条件的更好。
“当生活条件随着时间的增加，这样的认知能力，无论男女，这已被证明之前，说：”研究的共同作者能够赫利茨，在瑞典卡罗林斯卡学院的心理学家。”但我们表明，女性的认知能力比男性的增加。”
很久以前的孩子交谈的芭比说“数学很难，“人们一直在争论是否在认知平均性别差异是与生俱来的，一个性别歧视的社会或一个小的产品。
研究表明，男性和女性的平均认知能力有差异。几十个研究发现，男性在他们的头脑中能更好地旋转物体，而女性在与情节记忆相关的任务上做得更好，这意味着他们可以更好地回忆单词或对象的列表。
一个女人的平均脑，，研究显示，有更多的半球间的连接，而一个男人的脑袋有更多的连接在半球。这项研究的研究人员推测，这可能使男性的大脑在运动技能和更好的结合分析和直觉思维的女性大脑。
研究人员调查了2006至2007年间在欧洲的健康、老龄化和退休的数据，其中包括1923名在13个不同的欧洲国家出生的31000名男性和女性。研究人员比较了年龄和年轻群体的认知随时间变化的变化。
欧洲北部的妇女在其召回能力上表现优于男性，而在欧洲中部和南部的欧洲，只有年轻的世代的妇女表现出这种优势。
在所有地区的数学题中，男人跑赢了女性，但随着时间的推移，差距收窄了。男女两性之间的数学差距要大得多，因为在欧洲中部和南部的人们。男性和女性在北欧的一类流畅性上表现得同样出色，而在欧洲中部地区，女性也赶上了男性。
虽然每个人都看到了改善，但随着时间的推移，女性们也更为显著。在智慧的获得更好的生活条件的同时，以国内生产总值（GDP）测量、生育率、死亡率等健康指标，和受教育的机会，研究人员发现