Question

句子成分求解 快快快快

Answer 1

句子的成分
句子是一个语言单位，它由词按语法规律构成，表示一个完整独立的思想。一个句子的各个组成部分，叫作句子成分。句子成分指单词或词组在句子中的作用。句子成分有主语、谓语、宾语、补语、定语、状语和同位语等。此外有些句子还带有呼语、感叹语、插入语，它们在句法上与句子的其他成分不发生关系，作独立成分。
1．主语
主语是一句话的主体，表示说的是“谁”或是“什么”。 主语一般放在谓语前面。可充当主语的有名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式等。
Mark Twain is Mary's favorite author．(名词)
Chinese is my favorite.
They used to be students of this school.(代词)
We are supposed to shake hands.
Hundreds of people went there on foot. (数词)
Ten of us will go there.
To learn a foreign language is not very easy.(不定式)
It is impolite to point at the others with your chopsticks.
Watching TV too much is not good for your eyes. (动名词)
Spending more time with your family is very important.
What he said at the meeting is very important. (句子)
When we’ll hold the meeting is not decided.
2．谓语
谓语由动词担任。说明主语“做什么”。有时动词前含有情态动词或助动词。
They are skating for charity.
He didn’t know anything about it.
He bought the car last year.
She can speak English very well.
I haven't seen him for a long time.
3．表语
表语用来说明主语的身份、特征或状态等。充当表语
These animals are endangered. 的通常有名词、代词(宾格)、形容词、副词、动词不定 式或介词短语、句子等。表语通常位于连系动词之后。
I'm a little nervous. (形容词)
They are Americans. (名词)
He is a famous writer.
She is thirteen. (数词)
The number of the students in our class is forty-five.
Who is it? It's me .(代词)
These books are ours.
He must be at home. Look! The light is on.(副词)
They are not in the classroom. They are out.
He job is to look after the children. (不定式短语)
My duty is to wait for him.
The students are in the library. (介词短语)
What you are looking for is under the desk.
The problem is that she is nervous. (句子)
What he said is what I want to say.
4．宾语
宾语是动作的对象，也可以说是动作的承受者。由名词、代词或相当于名词的词来充当。
We have lots of rules at home. (名词)
You can ask him. (代词)
I don't know where to go. (疑问词十不定式)
一How many do you need?
一We need twenty. (数词)
You should practice speaking English every day. (动名词短语)
1 want to learn English. (不定式)
Get the classroom cleaned. (复合结构)
I don't know if he will come. (句子)
5．定语
定语是修饰名词或代词的。可用作定语的有形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。
He has a healthy lifestyle. (形容词)
This is our classroom. (形容词性的物主代词)
My uncle is a bus driver. (名词)
We have forty-five students in each class. (数词)
For these reasons we decided not to go to the party. ( 指示代词)
Do you know the woman in a red T-shirt?(介词短语)
Barking dogs seldom bite. (现在分词)
Who is the first one to get here?(不定式)
Be careful of the person who does not talk，and the dog that does not bark. (句子)
[注意]一般情况下，定语通常位于被修饰的词之前。而当介词短语、不定式、句子、分词短语作定语时，通常位于被修饰的词之后。
6．状语
状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。可作状语的主要有副词、介词短语、不定式、词组、分词短语、句子等。
I don’t quite agree with you. (副词)
We like this theme park very much. (副词)
He usually goes to school by bike. (副词和介词短语)
He stopped to have a look. (不定式短语)
The teacher came in，with a camera in her hand. (复合结构)
If I were you，I would wear a shirt and tie. (句子)
根据语义，状语可分为时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语、伴随状语、结果状语、条件状语、让步状语。
The party will begin at 8 o'clock. (时间)
When he was a child，he used to be afraid of dark. (时间)
Strange things are happening in our neighborhood. (地点)
I met a bus accident on my way to school. (地点)
He can't go because his parents don't allow him to go out at night. (原因)
Moved by his words，I don't know what to say. (原因)
[注意]如果时间状语和时间状语同时出现，一般情况下地点状语在前，时间状语在后。
There will be a soccer match in our school this afternoon. (地点，时间)
I'm busy so I can't help you. (结果)
We'll go fishing if it is fine tomorrow. (条件)
She was so tired that she couldn't get out of the bed. (程度)
This problem is difficult enough. (程度)
He got up very early that morning so that he could catch the early bus. (目的)
With the help of the teacher，he has improved his English. (方式)
Though he is young，he knows a lot. (让步)