Question

求翻译，急。！！！！！！！！！！！！！

A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy stories. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.

Answer 1

一个孩子一旦喜欢一个故事之后，通常他会喜欢聆听以相同的字眼重复讲述该故事，但家长们不该因此而将童话故事书当作神圣的书本。讲述故事总比照书本念要强得多，如果家长能够根据个别孩子和当时的情况进一步改善书本的内容，那就更好了。童话故事被指责会吓唬孩子和诱发他们的施虐冲动导致他们受到伤害。为了证明后一项的指责，必须进行一个核对实验显示读过童话故事的孩子要比没有读过的孩子更经常地显露其残忍倾向。 每个孩子的侵略、破坏和施虐冲动以及大体上的象征性口头发泄，这似乎是对这公然行动的一种疏导而不是煽动。关于畏惧方面，童话故事能对孩子造成危险性的恐慌，我觉得有许多经过确切鉴定的案例。不过，通常发生这种情况是因为该孩子只听过这个故事一次。重复多次所形成对故事的熟悉将会把畏惧的痛苦转变成面对且驾驭恐惧后的愉快感。

Answer 2

通常，小孩喜欢重述令他开心的故事中相同的话，但这不会导致父母把童话故事书当作圣经（注：一成不变）。讲述一个故事比从书本中读出来的要好得多，而且，如果父母根据时间和小孩的实际情况创作故事相对于书本是进步，这样更好。一项对童话的指责是，通过吓唬孩子或唤起他虐待冲动来伤害孩子。为了证明后者，在受控的实验中必须显示，读过童话故事的孩子比那些没有读过的更残酷。小孩都有侵略性，破坏性的，虐待狂冲动，就整体而言，他们的象征性的口头表达是安全阀而不是煽动公开行动。我认为，至于害怕，有很多孩子被童话吓坏了的证实了的实例。然而，通常情况下，这只发生在孩子只是一次听到这样的故事。多次听了故事熟悉后会把恐惧的痛苦变成征服恐惧的乐趣。