Question

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Bone marrow transplantatian involves reestablishment of normal blood cell production through long-term engraftment of the pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell(a stem cell capable of both self-renewal and maturation to a variety of committed hematopoietic progenitors). The procedure is used to replace an absent,malignant or genetically abnormal stem cell or to rescue a patient from myeloablative chemoradiation therapy . several sources may serve as reservoir of pluripotential stem cells,including bone marrow from a monozygotic twin(syngenetic trans-plant),a family member or unrelated donor with an identical human leukocyte antigen(HLA)type(allogeneic transplant),autologous(self)bone marrow or peripheral blood,and more recently HAL-matched umbilical cord blood. Single HLA-mismatched doner bone marrow has also resulted in successful grafts. In more limited sitiations, T cell-depleted bone marrow from haploidentical(5% identical at the HLA locus)donors have also been successful. In many situations,a number of transplant sources may exist, and the relative merits of each source of marrow needs to be weighed for the paticular situation. Donor and recipient erythrocyte ABO differences do not prohibit the use of a donor.

Answer 1

骨髓transplantatian涉及到重建正常的血细胞的生产，通过长期植入的多向造血干细胞（干细胞能够自我更新和成熟，以各种承诺造血祖细胞） 。程序是用来取代一缺席，恶性或基因异常的干细胞或抢救病人，从清髓性放化疗治疗。几个来源，可作为水库的多向干细胞，包括骨髓，从单双（同生跨厂） ，家庭成员或无关供者与一个相同的人类白细胞抗原（ HLA ）型（异体移植） ，自体（自我）骨髓或外周血，以及最近的HAL匹配的脐血。单一的HLA不相合骨髓doner也造成了成功的移植。在较为有限sitiations ， T细胞耗尽骨髓半相合（ 5 ％ ，在相同的HLA位点） ，捐助者也获得了成功。在许多情况下，一些移植的来源可能存在的，相对的优点，每个来源的骨髓需要加以权衡，为paticular情况。捐助国和受援国红细胞ABO血型的差异并没有禁止使用的捐助者

Answer 2

波尼髓transplantatian涉及正常通过长期嫁接血细胞生产pluripotential造血作用的干细胞((可能做出自我-恢复和成熟向各种各样的受托付的造血作用的祖先)种类的和一干细胞的重建.过程被用来取代一个从myeloablative chemoradiation治疗法不在,恶意的或者在遗传上不正常干细胞金色向救援一病人.几来源可以当pluripotential干细胞细胞,随一完全相同人白细胞抗原((HLA)类型((同种异体的移植),自身的(自身)骨髓或者近来哈尔-相配外围的血液和更多带有从一单卵的双胞胎((有性生殖的跨越的-植物),一家庭成员或者无关的赠送人骨髓的水库用脐带血液.HLA-与单一的doner骨髓髓配合不好已经也结果是成功嫁接.在朝派更多限制从haploidentical sitiations,T-细胞-耗尽骨髓(5%完全相同在HLA地点)赠送人已经也是成功.在很多处境中,许多移植来源可以存在,和每一髓需要是的来源的相对长处为paticular处境重量.赠送人和受主红细胞ABO血型分型法差异不禁止一赠送人的使用.