定语从句 关系词怎样选择
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关键看定语从句缺少什么,看先行词是人还是物,看动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,还是既是及物又是不及物动词,看是限制性还是非限制性定语从句。如:
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (先行词是人,定语从句缺少主语,故用who。)
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( 先行词是物,buy是及物动词,定语从句缺少宾语,故用 which。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。)
I'll never forget the day when I joined the Party. (先行词是时间名词,定语从句缺少时间状语,故用when,这里的when=on which。不能说on that,因为介词提前时,不能用关系代词that。)
I'll never forget the day (that/which)I spent on the Great Wall. (先行词是时间名词,但定语从句的spend是及物动词,它缺少宾语,故用that/which。)
This is the school where I studied. (先行词是地点名词,study可用作及物动词或不及物动词。根据句意,定语从句缺少地点状语,因为这里把study作为不及物动词来用,即在这所学校学习,故用where。这里的where=in/atwhich。)
He is kidnapped, which has astonished us all. (这是一个非限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句不能用关系代词that引导。)
Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.(这是一个非限制性定语从句,关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不能省略。)
其他情况,可以以此类推。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (先行词是人,定语从句缺少主语,故用who。)
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( 先行词是物,buy是及物动词,定语从句缺少宾语,故用 which。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。)
I'll never forget the day when I joined the Party. (先行词是时间名词,定语从句缺少时间状语,故用when,这里的when=on which。不能说on that,因为介词提前时,不能用关系代词that。)
I'll never forget the day (that/which)I spent on the Great Wall. (先行词是时间名词,但定语从句的spend是及物动词,它缺少宾语,故用that/which。)
This is the school where I studied. (先行词是地点名词,study可用作及物动词或不及物动词。根据句意,定语从句缺少地点状语,因为这里把study作为不及物动词来用,即在这所学校学习,故用where。这里的where=in/atwhich。)
He is kidnapped, which has astonished us all. (这是一个非限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句不能用关系代词that引导。)
Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.(这是一个非限制性定语从句,关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不能省略。)
其他情况,可以以此类推。
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