如何用数学归纳法证明二项式定理?
先验证1次方……
再假设k次方……
最后k+1时改成k次方乘以(a+b)带入上一步假设的利用多项式乘法解决问题。
例:证明:当n=1时,左边=(a+b)1=a+b
右边=桥敬C01a+C11b=a+b
左边=右边
假设当n=k时,等式成立,
即(a+b)n=C0nan+C1n a(n-1)b十…十Crn a(n-r)br十…十Cnn bn成立;
则当n=k+1时, (a+b)(n+1)=(a+b)n*(a+b)=[C0nan+C1n a(n-1)b十…十Crn a(n-r)br十…十Cnn bn]*(a+b)
=[C0nan+C1n a(n-1)b十…十敏辩慎Crn a(n-r)br十…十Cnn bn]*a+[C0nan+C1n a(n-1)b十…十Crn a(n-r)br十…十Cnn bn]=灶搭[C0na(n+1)+C1n anb十…十Crn a(n-r+1)br十…十Cnn abn]+[C0nanb+C1n a(n-1)b2十…十Crn a(n-r)b(r+1)十…十Cnn b(n+1)]
=C0na(n+1)+(C0n+C1n)anb十…十(C(r-1)n+Crn) a(n-r+1)br十…十(C(n-1)n+Cnn)abn+Cnn b(n+1)]
=C0(n+1)a(n+1)+C1(n+1)anb+C2(n+1)a(n-1)b2+…+Cr(n+1) a(n-r+1)br+…+C(n+1)(n+1) b(n+1)
∴当n=k+1时,等式也成立;
所以对于任意正整数,等式都成立
右边=C01a+C11b=a+b;左边=右边
假设当n=k时,等式成立,即(a+b)n=C0nan+C1n a(n-1)b十…十Crn a(n-r)br十…十Cnn bn成立;
则当n=k+1时, (a+b)(n+1)=(a+b)n*(a+b)=[C0nan+C1n a(n-1)b十…十Crn a(n-r)br十…十Cnn bn]*(a+b)
=[C0nan+C1n a(n-1)b十…弯拍十Crn a(n-r)br十…十Cnn bn]*a+[C0nan+C1n a(n-1)b十…十Crn a(n-r)br十…十Cnn bn]*b
=[C0na(n+1)+C1n anb十…十Crn a(n-r+1)br十…十Cnn abn]+[C0nanb+C1n a(n-1)b2十…十Crn a(n-r)b(r+1)十…十Cnn b(n+1)]
=C0na(n+1)+(C0n+C1n)anb十…十(C(r-1)n+Crn) a(n-r+1)br十…十(C(n-1)n+Cnn)abn+Cnn b(n+1)]
=C0(n+1)a(n+1)+C1(n+1)anb+C2(n+1)a(n-1)b2+…+Cr(n+1) a(n-r+1)br+…+C(n+1)(n+1) b(n+1)
∴当n=k+1时,等式也成立;
所以对于任意正整数,等式好态都成友闹源立