高中英语句子结构分析
【篇一】高中英语句子结构分析
英语中的五种基本句型结构
一、句型1： Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：
1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。
2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。
二、句型2：Subject (主语) + Link. V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)
这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：
(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：
1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。
2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。
(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：
1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。
2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。
三、句型3：Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：
1) He took his bag and left.(名词) 他拿着书包离开了。
2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。
3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。
4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。
注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。
四、句型4： Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如：
1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。
2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。 上述句子还可以表达为：
1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
五、句型5： Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)
这种句型中的“宾语 + 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：
1)You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词)
2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。
3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。
4)My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词)
5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(过去分词)
● 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。
● 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：
1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。
2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。
独立主格结构
一) 独立主格结构的构成：
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;
名词(代词)+形容词;
名词(代词)+副词;
名词(代词)+不定式;
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
二) 独立主格结构的特点：
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
【篇二】高中英语句子结构分析
一、句子成分
句子成分—主语: 通常句首;名词/代词/数词/不定式/动名词/句子等
The Beatles is a world-wide famous rock band.
I will be right here waiting for you.
Two plus six is eight.
To save time is to lengthen life.
Watching English movies is a good way to learn English.
What we shall do next is not yet decided
句子成分—谓语: 主语之后;动词;说明主语的动作，状态或特征
A comedy usually has a happy ending.
Time cures all things.
I’ve just finished my assignment.
The work is almost finished.
He was often laughed at for his mistake.
句子成分—宾语: 及物动词和介词后;名词/代词/数词/不定式/动名词/句子等
One should love animals, because they are tasty.
Don’t offer to teach fish to swim.
The first, I think she is beautiful. The second, I think she is pretty. The third, I think she is gorgeous. The fourth, I think she is drop-dead gorgeous.
句子成分—表语: be, seem, appear 感官系动词：look, sound, feel, taste, smell; “变化”系动词：become, turn, run, go, come, get, grow, fall ;“保持”系动词：remain, keep, stand, leave, stay, lay, continue
Honesty is the best policy.
She looked exhausted.
He is out. / He is not here.
Sheldon’s ambition is to be a Nobel Prize winner.
The question is whether populations would put up with the inflation.
句子成分—补语: 宾补&主补;名词/形容词/副词/分词;补充说明
I strongly advise you to apply for the position for designer.
They called him the prince of gymnast.
She heard the girl singing devotedly.
Please keep me informed of the latest development.
Tom is often caught sleeping in class.
He is said to be the founder of modern astronomy.
句子成分—定语: 可前可后,名词/代词/形容词/介词短语/分词/句子
The railway station is being under construction.
Michele is a fashionable girl.
Michele always wears clothes in fashion.
Telling jokes is a good way to make girls happy.
She made a remark which started a heated discussion.
The composer that the manager fired was not qualified for the job.
句子成分—状语: 副词/形容词/介词短语/分词/句子等;时间/地点/原因/目的/结果/方式/条件/让步/比较等
The travelers came back, safe and sound.
From space the astronaut saw a blue globe.
With all his faults, he is still a good guy.
He looked around the table, his eyes flat, his face pale.
It is never too late to learn.
Don’t give up if you want to do something.
句子成分—同位语: 名词代词后,名词/代词/句子等
We students should study hard and learn to be the person kind, honest and tolerant.
Helping others is a good habit, one you can learn even at an early age.
The saying that beauty is but skin deep is but a skin deep saying.
二、五大基本句型
基本句型1：主+谓+状语。 动词为不及物动词。英语中很多动词为不及物动词。用左手记忆
We students should study hard and learn to be the person kind, honest and tolerant.
Helping others is a good habit, one you can learn even at an early age.
The saying that beauty is but skin deep is but a skin deep saying.
基本句型2：主+谓+宾。 动词为及物动词。英语中多数动词为及物动词，或既是及物又是不及物动词，此时它们的意义往往有很大的不同。用右手记忆
Time creates wonders.
They watched the opening ceremony of London Games.
The rapid development of tourism has created many opportunities.
I can’t stand being disturbed.
基本句型3：主+谓+间宾+直宾，或主+谓+直宾+介词+间宾. 常带双宾的动词有(to给)give, send, lend, post, bring, take, show, tell，pass, hand, write, read, offer, sell, return(for为)buy, make, get, find, save, leave, fetch, cook, book用右脚记忆
David showed me the way to the stadium.
Television can give us so much, except the time to think.
Tell a man he is brave, and you help him to become so.
Can you recommend a good comedy film to me?
He is willing to show me how to train a dolphin.
基本句型4：主谓宾宾补用左脚记忆
常带宾补的动词: (1)使役动词或表示叫、命令等意思的词 have, let, make, cause, get, send, ask, order, command, tell, warn, etc(2)感官动词see,watch, notice, find, hear, smell, etc
We found the great hall full.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by an expert from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
基本句型5：主系表用胸腹部记忆
Time is money.
Speech is silver, silence is gold.
The basketball player Yao Ming is tall and strong.
The weather is becoming colder.
She looked exhausted.
The leaves is turning yellow.
三、三大句子结构
简单句：一个主谓结构
Time flies.
并列句：≧两个主谓结构： 分句+并列连词+分句
常见的并列连词有：and, or, but, while, for, so, neither, nor; both …and, either…or, neither…nor, as well as, not only…but also; besides, furthermore, moreover
Love and you’ll be loved.
Be modest, or you will lag behind.
Honesty is a virtue while greed is an evil.
I am nobody, nobody is perfect, so I am perfect.
Either you must improve your work or we shall dismiss you.
I’m not afraid of tomorrow for I have been yesterday and love today.
Pip is not only a teacher; he also treats us like a friend.
复合句：1. 定语从句：The new house which I have just bought is located at the suburb.
2. 名词性从句：What JK Rowling wrote is the Harry Potter series.
3. 状语从句：He was making a phone call when she was doing paper work.
【篇三】高中英语句子结构分析
同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语.如：
We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)
We all are students. (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)
七、独立成分：有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结
构).
感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等.肯定词yes否定词no称呼语：称呼人的用语.插入语：一些句中插入的 I think , I belie
ve,等.
如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.
情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,
等.
八、分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结
构.
例：错句：Studying hard,your score will go up.
正确：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.
解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既your score . 显然做study的应是
人,不应是your score(分数). 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使
用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).
分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.
如：
Game (being) over,he went home.
He stands there,book (being) in hand.
独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语.这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词
短语、副词或名词等.
如：
With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon.无事可做,他很快就睡着了.
The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose.老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜.(注意,此句on his nose不可省略!)
