Question

请问：一个英语问题

薄冰语法书上说 Tom said to me :"I have two brothers".变成间接引语有两种。第一Tom told me that he has two brothers.此时用has说话者认为情况是真实的。第二Tom told me that he had two brothers此时had表示说话者对此没什么把握。那我想问的是：
在变间接引语的时候，语法就要求一般现在时变成要过去时，那都是如例句所示，过过去时是表示说话者对某种情况的不确定吗？如he said that he was six years old..这是一句间接引语的句子，是表明he 对自己是不是6岁不确定吗？我觉得不是，但是薄冰语法书上的例子怎么有两种变法，怎么过去时就可以表示不确定？到底什么情况可以如例句所示？

Answer 1

。。。我给你讲讲语法。。。。。下看

直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。
例如：Mr Black said, “I'm busy” 布莱克先生说：“我很忙”（直接引语）
Mr Black said that he was busy. 布莱克先生说他很忙。（间接引语）
1 陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。在这一方面，汉语和英语有许多相似之处，因此，在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时，要特别注意句子的意义。
1）人称的变化
a) He said, “I like it very much.”他说：“我非常喜欢它。”
He said that he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。
b) He saidto me, “I've left my book in your room.” 他对我说：“我把书放在你的房间里了。”
He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告诉我他把书放在我的房间里了。
2）时态的变化 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。
时态的变化
例句 直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
→一般过去时
He said, “I'm afraid I can't finish this work.”
He said that he was afraid he couldn't finish that work.
现在进行时
→过去进行时
He said, “I'm using theknife.”
He said that he was using the knife.
现在完成时
→过去完成时
She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”
She said that she had not heard from him since May.
一般过去时
→过去完成
He said, “I came to help you.”
He said that he had come to help me.
过去完成时不变
He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”
He said that he had finished his homework before supper.
3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化：
变化
例句直接引语
间接引语
this-that
这个-那个
She said, “Iwill come this morning."
She said that she would go that morning.
these-those
这些=那些
He said, "These books are mine."
He said that those books were his.
now-then
现在-那时
He said, "It is nine 0'clock now."
He said that it was nine 0'clock then.
today-that day
今天-那天
He said, "I haven't seen her today."
He said that he hadn't seen her that day.
yesterday-
the day before
昨天-前一天
she said, "I went there yesterday."
She said that she had gone there the day before.
tomorrow-
the next
(following) day
明天-第二天
she said, "I'll go there tomorrow."
She said that she would go there the next (following) day.
here-there
这里-那里
come-go
来-去
注：（1）直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
He said, "Light travels much faster than sound."
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
(2)如果在当地转述，here 不必改为there,动词come 不必改为go. 如果在当天转述yesterday, tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变。
如何把直接引语变间接引语

“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：
Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。
变时态：
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：
1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen
2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.
3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：
Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。
三、如何变状语：
直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：
He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.
四、如何变句型：
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如：
"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：
He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：
John said, "I’m going to London with my father."
约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去。"（引号内是直接引语）
John said that he was going to London with his father.
约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语

这么长，别忘给我分。。555~~~~

Answer 2

在变间接引语的时候，后面的动词要和前面的谓语动词一致。Tom told me that he had two brothers。正如这个，没有问题。后面是一般现代式，而不随着前面主句的谓语动词变化的时候，是表示客观事实。比如说：地球绕着太阳转就是一个客观事实。

Answer 3

请看以下解释：
1.he said that he was six years old，只是为了举例说明他说过他六岁而已，并没有不确定他自己六岁的意思哦。如果他现在正好是六岁，那按我们的理解这句话还可以是：He said that he is six years old. 但是，他不可能一直都六岁啊，他会长的，他的年龄会变的，这是变化中事实，所以，这句话才是he said that he was six years old。这可能是他在六岁的时候说的话哦。
2.在直接引语变间接引语时，只有固定不变的事实才用一般现在时，其他情况都用过去或过去时，具体视情况而定。例如：月亮绕着地球转，太阳从东方升起等，必须用一般现在时。eg: He said that the moon orbits around the Earth.

Answer 4

the
music
I
listened
to
had
a
message,too,but
th
words
were
clear
and
the
musicians
did
not
use
offensice
language.这句话是什么意义，too是什么意思。but是否有转折的意思