Homer, the blind poet of ancient Greece. Legend tells of the Trojan War in the 12th to 11th centuries B.C. and the classical Greek narrative masterpieces about adventures at sea, namely the epic Iliad and Odyssey, which were compiled by him on the basis of folk songs.
荷马，古希腊盲诗人。相传记述了公元前12～前11世纪特洛伊战争，以及关于海上冒险故事的古希腊长篇叙事代表作——史诗《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》，即是他根据民间流传的短歌综合编写而成。
He lived between the 10th and 9th and 8th centuries B.C. His masterpiece Homer's Epic has influenced Western religion, culture and ethics for a long time.
他生活的年代，当在公元前10～9、8世纪之间。他的杰作《荷马史诗》，在很长时间里影响了西方的宗教、文化和伦理观。
There are also different opinions about Homer's birthplace; in more than a dozen places, it was said in ancient times that Homer was his birthplace.
Some people say that he is from Athens, some people say that he is from northern Greece, some people say that he is from Eastern Greece near Asia Minor.
关于荷马的出生地，说法也不一致；有十几处地方，古代都说是他的出生地。有人说他是雅典一带的人，有人说是希腊北部，有人说是在希腊东部靠近小亚细亚一带。
These statements are more common and credible in the East. Most ancient records say that he was a Sioux Islander or was born in Smyrna, Asia Minor, both on the eastern side of the Aegean Sea.
这些说法以东方说较为普遍，也较为可信。多数古代记载说他是希俄斯岛人，或生在小亚细亚的斯弥尔纳，这两处都在爱琴海东边。
扩展资料
古希腊人一直将荷马史诗视作希腊文化的精华将荷马视作民族的骄傲，但丁更称荷马为“诗人之王”。但自17世纪末以来，渐渐开始有学者对于荷马是否确有其人，以及他的籍贯、生活年代、史诗是否他一人所作等一系列问题都有不同看法，形成“荷马问题”。
古代曾留下多篇荷马传记，但内容矛盾，难作参考。荷马的生存年代约为公元前十二世纪到公元前七世纪，关于他的籍贯问题，古代流传下来两行诗，都提到七座城邦，或说他的家乡就在这七座城邦之中。
根据史诗的内容和语言特点，荷马可能是小亚细亚西部的伊奥尼亚人，最后死在爱琴海的伊奥斯岛。也有古代作家指荷马从巴比伦被掳到希腊，“荷马”一字在古希腊文正作“人质”解。
另外，或说荷马是个女人，或认为“荷马”只是某诗人团体的名称。至于荷马的失明问题，一者古代的乐师常为瞽者，二者古希腊人相信眼睛失明，会使内心更能看到事物的真相（可比较提瑞西阿斯的情况）。
对于史诗本身的争论，自十七世纪以来，就受到人们的广泛关注，人们就史诗的形成过程展开了激烈的争论。真正的争论是出现在十八世纪后期的，1788年发现的《伊利亚特》威尼斯抄本中的一些注释使荷马史诗成为许多人争论的热点，对民间诗歌创作的研究促进了这一争论的深入。
参考资料来源：百度百科-荷马
已赞过
已踩过<
下文开头从荷马生平讲起，然后是对荷马作品的简介，希望能帮得上你忙。
HOMER, the greatest name in the history of epic poetry, and who stands as high in that department as Shakspeare does in the drama, has come down to us in modern times, as unfortunately little better than a name, and presents but scanty materials for a biography. The details of the old Greek lives of Homer, are manifestly fictitous. The central facet in which all these legendary traditions agree, is that the poet was an Asiatic Greek, and though other places are named, the greatest amount of legendary evidence clearly points to Smyrna as the city of his birth. The age of Homer is much more doubtful, but it is certain that he lived considerably before the year 776 B.C., the commencement of Greek chronology by Olympiads. Herodotus places the age of Homer 400 years before his own time, that is about 850 B.C., and that date has been received as on the whole the most probable. Tradition represents Homer as blind, and as reciting his poems as he travelled from place to place.
The principal poems which are accredited to Homer, are the Iliad and the Odyssey, and these stand as the greatest epics of any age. The Trojan war is the great central event which they celebrate. The materials out of which they are constructed, if not strictly historical in every detail of decoration, grow out of the real life of the people, and rest at least upon an honest historical substratum. In this view the Iliad is as valuable for the earliest history of the Hellenic race, as Herodotus or Thucydides are for the later periods. But it is not for the Greeks alone that Homer possesses an important historical value: he is for all ages an important record of the earliest stages of human society, second only to the books of Moses.
