Question

求一篇计算机方面的英文论文还要有中文翻译的

论文有2000个单词就行了 急用啊有的共享下谢谢

Answer 1

通常说到“世界公认的第一台电子数字计算机”大多数人都认为是1946年面世的“ENIAC”，它主要是用于计算弹道。是由美国宾夕法尼亚大学莫尔电工学院制造的，但它的体积庞大，占地面积170多平方米，重量约30吨，消耗近140千瓦的电力。显然，这样的计算机成本很高，使用不便。这个说法被计算机基础教科书上普遍采用,事实上在1973年根据美国最高法院的裁定,最早的电子数字计算机,应该是美国爱何华大学的物理系副教授约翰·阿坦那索夫和其研究生助手克利夫·贝瑞Clifford E. Berry ，1818-1963）于1939年10月制造的"ABC"(Atanasoff- Berry-Computer）。之所以会有这样的误会，是因为“ENIAC”的研究小组中的一个叫莫克利的人于1941年剽窃了约翰·阿坦那索夫的研究成果，并在1946年时，申请了专利。由于种种原因直到1973年这个错误才被扭转过来。（具体情况参阅百度百科----“约翰·阿坦那索夫”词条，希望大家记住ABC和约翰·阿坦那索夫，希望以后的教科书能够修改这个错误）。后来为了表彰和纪念约翰·阿坦那索夫在计算机领域内作出的伟大贡献，1990年美国前总统布什授予约翰·阿坦那索夫全美最高科技奖项----“国家科技奖”。
1956年，晶体管电子计算机诞生了，这是第二代电子计算机。只要几个大一点的柜子就可将它容下，运算速度也大大地提高了。1959年出现的是第三代集成电路计算机。
最初的计算机由约翰·冯·诺依曼发明(那时电脑的计算能力相当于现在的计算器)，有三间库房那么大，后逐步发展而成。
从20世纪70年代开始，这是电脑发展的最新阶段。到1976年，由大规模集成电路和超大规模集成电路制成的“克雷一号”，使电脑进入了第四代。超大规模集成电路的发明，使电子计算机不断向着 小型化、微型化、低功耗、智能化、系统化的方向更新换代。
20世纪90年代，电脑向“智能”方向发展，制造出与人脑相似的电脑，可以进行思维、学习、记忆、网络通信等工作。
进入21世纪，电脑更是笔记本化、微型化和专业化，每秒运算速度超过100万次，不但操作简易、价格便宜，而且可以代替人们的部分脑力劳动，甚至在某些方面扩展了人的智能。于是，今天的微型电子计算机就被形象地称做电脑了。
世界上第一台个人电脑由IBM于1980年推出。IBM推出以英特尔的x86的硬体架构及微软公司的MS-DOS操作系统的个人电脑，并制定以PC/AT为PC的规格。之后由英特尔所推出的微处理器以及微软所推出的操作系统发展几乎等同于个人电脑的发展历史。Wintel架构全面取代了IBM在个人电脑主导的地位Usually when it comes to "the world's first recognized electronic digital computer" Most people thought that it was published in 1946 the "ENIAC", it is mainly used to calculate the trajectory. By the University of Pennsylvania Moore School of Electrical Engineering-made, but it's huge in size and covers an area of more than one hundred and seventy square meters and weighs about 30 tons, consumed almost 140 kilowatts of electricity. Clearly, the high cost of such computers, the use of the inconvenience. This was a computer on the basis of widely used textbooks, in fact, in 1973 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the first electronic digital computer, we should love the United States Department of Physics, University Associate Professor HEAtanasoff and his graduate student assistantClifford E. Berry ,1818-1963) in October 1939 to create the "ABC" (Atanasoff-Berry-Computer). The reason why is there such a misunderstanding, because the "ENIAC" in the study group of people called Moakley in 1941 Atanasoffplagiarism of research results, and in 1946, applied for a patent. Due to various reasons in 1973 until this error was rectified. (Refer to the specific circumstances of Baidu EncyclopediaAtanasoff ----" "term, I hope you rememberAtanasoff and ABC, the textbook can hope to change the error). Later, in recognition and commemoration of Atanasoffin the computer industry made great contributions in 1990, former U.S. President George W. Bush awarded Atanasoffthe highest technology award ----" U.S. National Science and Technology Award. "
In 1956, the birth of the transistor computer, which is a second-generation computer. Just a few of the cabinets can be a bit more it, computing speed is greatly improved. Emerged in 1959 is the third generation of integrated circuit computer.
The first computer by the invention of John von Neumann (then equivalent to the computer's computing power of the calculator is now), there are three big Treasury, the latter gradually evolved.
70s from the beginning of the 20th century, this is the latest stage of computer development. To 1976, by the large-scale integrated circuits and ultra large scale integrated circuit made of the "Craven on the 1st," the computer into the fourth generation. The invention of ultra-large-scale integrated circuits, so that computer continuously towards smaller, miniaturized, low power, intelligent, systematic replacement of direction.
20th century 90's, the computer to the "smart" development, manufacturing, similar to the human brain with computers, can be thinking, learning, memory, network communication and so on.
The 21st century, is a notebook computer, and miniaturization and specialization, speed of operation per second over one million times, not only simple, inexpensive, and can replace part of people's mental and even expanded in some areas people Intelligent. Thus, today's micro-electronic computer was called the image to the computer.
The world's first personal computers from IBM introduced in 1980. IBM introduced the Intel x86 hardware architecture and Microsoft's MS-DOS personal computer operating system and the development of PC / AT for the PC specifications. After the introduction by Intel microprocessors and Microsoft operating system introduced by the development is almost equivalent to the history of the development of personal computers. Wintel comprehensive framework to replace the IBM personal computer in the leading position

Answer 2

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