Question

哪位大侠帮忙翻译一下这段英文是什么意思啊啊 万分感激！！！！！

1. Control Loops Explained
Whatever the process or the parameter (temperature, flow, speed for example), the principles of control are similar. Input and output signals are specified as appropriate to the application, usually analog (e.g. thermocouples signal input, solid state output power control) but these may be digital.
This chapter assumes temperature control with either a thermocouple or platinum resistance thermometer input and a proportional control output.
Control of a process is achieved by means of a closed loop circuit (power fed to the heater is regulated according to feedback obtained via the thermocouple) as opposed to an open loop in the case of measurement only。
2. PID Explained
Only very control of temperature can be achieved by causing heater power to be simply switched on and off according to an under or over temperature condition respectively. Ultimately, the heater power will be regulated to achieve a desired system temperature but refinement can be employed to enhance the control accuracy.
Such refinement is available in the form of proportional (P), integral (I), and derivative (D) functions applied to the control loop. These functions, referred to as control “terms” can be used in combination according to system requirements. The desired temperature is usually referred to as the set-point (SP).
To achieve optimum temperature control whether using on-off, P, PD or PID techniques, ensure that:
（1）Adequate heater power is available (ideally control will be achieved with 50% power applied!)
（2）The temperature sensor, be it thermocouple or PRT, is located within reasonable “thermal” distance of the heaters such that it will respond to changes in heater temperature but will be representative of the load temperature (the “thing” being heated).
（3）Adequate “thermal mass” in the system to minimise its sensitivity to varying load or ambient conditions.
（4）Good thermal transfer between heaters and load.
（5）The controller temperature range and sensor type are suitable – try to choose a range that results in a mid-scale set-point.
Control Functions Simply Described：
（1）On – Off – Usually simplest and cheapest but control may be oscillatory. Best confined to alarm functions only or when “thermostatic” type control is all that is required, but this may be the most suitable means of control in some applications.

Answer 1

控制回路的解释
不管过程或参数（温度，流量，例如速度），控制的原则是相似的。输入和输出信号被指定为适合于应用程序，通常是模拟（例如热电偶信号输入，固态输出功率控制），但这些可能是数字。
本章假定与任何一个热电偶或铂电阻温度计的输入和输出温度控制比例控制。
一个过程的控制是通过一个封闭的回路是指（电源输送到热水器的管理是根据获得的反馈通过热电偶），而不是一个在测量开环情况下只。
2。 PID的解释
只有极控制温度可达到造成加热器权力被简单地打开和关闭一个或以上的温度条件下，分别根据。最终，加热器功率将受到管制，以达到理想的系统温度，但可以采用细化，以提高控制精度。
这种改进是提供的比例（P），积分（I）及衍生物（四）函数形式，满足控制回路。这些功能，被称为控制“条款”可以结合起来使用，可根据系统的要求。所需的温度通常称为设定点（SP法）。
为了达到最佳的温度控制是否使用过，磷，局部放电或PID技术，确保：
（一）提供足够的加热器功率（理想的控制将被应用功率达到50％！）
（2）温度传感器，无论是热电偶或台北爱乐，位于合理范围内“热”的加热器，这样它将会作出回应，但距离加热器温度的变化将是负载温度（“东西”加热代表） 。
（3）充分的“热质量的制度”，以减低其敏感度不同负荷或环境条件。
（4）良好的加热器和负载之间的热传递。
（5）控制器和传感器的温度范围内是合适的类型 - 尝试选择一个范围，结果在一个中等规模的设定点。
控制功能简单的描述：
（1） - 关 - 通常最简单，最便宜的，但可能是控制振荡。最好只限于报警功能，或当“恒温”式的控制是所有必需的，但这个可能是在某些应用中控制最合适的途径。