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2,Thetimescalesofstressandstrengthvariationsdiffer.Stressisvariableontheorderofsecond...
2,Thetime scales of stressand strength variations differ. Stress is variable on the order of seconds, thestrength effects of the fatigue process on the order of hours, and those of theremodelling process on the order of weeks.At any particularmornent, however, bone strength depends only on morphology, at severalmicroscopic levels, and the quality of its constituent materials. these factorsare specified for cancellous bone and grouped into two levels: quality of architecture and quality of the mineralizedmatrix. Note that in this scheme the quantityof bone is included in the architectural factor. The reason is that although quantitycan be defined and measured, there is no practical definition or measure forspatial trabecular arrangement independent of quantity. The factors that deter-minecancellous bone strength。
Bonestiffness and strength are the mechanical qualities of bone that matter. Bothcan be defined and evaluated by the same test. In a compression test a bonesample is gradually compressed, which produces a reduction in height by adisplacement of the
testmachine's cross-head, and requires a force. The reduction in height isnormalized to the original height of the sample, as a displacement per unitlength,called strain , which is dimensionless. The force is normalized to thearea of the surface on which it is applied, as stress,expressed in MPa. Whilethe test runs, increasing stress and strain are monitored in the form of astress-strain curve. 展开
Bonestiffness and strength are the mechanical qualities of bone that matter. Bothcan be defined and evaluated by the same test. In a compression test a bonesample is gradually compressed, which produces a reduction in height by adisplacement of the
testmachine's cross-head, and requires a force. The reduction in height isnormalized to the original height of the sample, as a displacement per unitlength,called strain , which is dimensionless. The force is normalized to thearea of the surface on which it is applied, as stress,expressed in MPa. Whilethe test runs, increasing stress and strain are monitored in the form of astress-strain curve. 展开
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压力和强度的变化时间尺度不同。压力指的是“秒”,疲劳过程的强度效果是以“小时”来看变化,而这些重塑过程则以“星期”来看的转变。但是,在任何特定的时刻,骨骼的强度只取决于在多个微观层次形貌,及其构成物质的质量。这些被指定为松质骨的成因素被分为两个层面:体系结构质量和矿化基质质量。注意在该方案的骨的量是包括在体系结构因素之内。其原因是,尽管数量可以被定义和测量,实际上骨小梁的空间排列不能独立于质量来被定义或测量。确定松质骨强度的因素——骨骼的硬度和强度骨,是骨骼的力学质素为要紧。两者可在同一的测试中被定义和评估。在一压缩测试中,骨的样品逐渐被压缩,这程序是利用测试机器的交叉机头的移动,及需施加力度,来减低高度。被减低高度恢复至样品的原来的正常高度,移位的长度单位被称为“应力”,并无维度。施加在平面上的力度正常化,即如压力,这是以MPa(最大应力)来表示的。当测试一面进行,逐渐增加的压力和应力均被监测,以“压力应力”曲线显示。
~~~~~~~~~纯人手翻译,欢迎采纳~~~~~~~~~
(非医学专业,仅供参考)
原文似有笔误,更正如下:
The time scales of stress and strength variations differ. Stress is variable on the order of seconds, the strength effects of the fatigue process on the order of hours, and those of the remodelling process on the order of weeks. At any particular moment, however, bone strength depends only on morphology, at several microscopic levels, and the quality of its constituent materials. These factors are specified for cancellous bone and grouped into two levels: quality of architecture and quality of the mineralized matrix. Note that in this scheme the quantity of bone is included in the architectural factor. The reason is that although quantity can be defined and measured, there is no practical definition or measure for spatial trabecular arrangement independent of quantity. The factors that determine cancellous bone strength.
Bone stiffness and strength are the mechanical qualities of bone that matter. Both can be defined and evaluated by the same test. In a compression test a bone sample is gradually compressed, which produces a reduction in height by a displacement of the test machine's cross-head, and requires a force. The reduction in height is normalized to the original height of the sample, as a displacement per unit length, called strain, which is dimensionless. The force is normalized to the area of the surface on which it is applied, as stress, expressed in MPa. While the test runs, increasing stress and strain are monitored in the form of a stress-strain curve.
~~~~~~~~~纯人手翻译,欢迎采纳~~~~~~~~~
(非医学专业,仅供参考)
原文似有笔误,更正如下:
The time scales of stress and strength variations differ. Stress is variable on the order of seconds, the strength effects of the fatigue process on the order of hours, and those of the remodelling process on the order of weeks. At any particular moment, however, bone strength depends only on morphology, at several microscopic levels, and the quality of its constituent materials. These factors are specified for cancellous bone and grouped into two levels: quality of architecture and quality of the mineralized matrix. Note that in this scheme the quantity of bone is included in the architectural factor. The reason is that although quantity can be defined and measured, there is no practical definition or measure for spatial trabecular arrangement independent of quantity. The factors that determine cancellous bone strength.
Bone stiffness and strength are the mechanical qualities of bone that matter. Both can be defined and evaluated by the same test. In a compression test a bone sample is gradually compressed, which produces a reduction in height by a displacement of the test machine's cross-head, and requires a force. The reduction in height is normalized to the original height of the sample, as a displacement per unit length, called strain, which is dimensionless. The force is normalized to the area of the surface on which it is applied, as stress, expressed in MPa. While the test runs, increasing stress and strain are monitored in the form of a stress-strain curve.
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