Question

为什么1^2+2^2+3^2+.+n^2=n(n+1)(2n?

Answer 1

先推导1^2+2^2+3^2+……+n^2=n(n+1)(2n+1)/6 
由n^3-(n-1)^3=1*[n^2+(n-1)^2+n(n-1)]
=n^2+(n-1)^2+n^2-n
=2*n^2+(n-1)^2-n
得
2^3-1^3=2*2^2+1^2-2
3^3-2^3=2*3^2+2^2-3
4^3-3^3=2*4^2+3^2-4
.
n^3-(n-1)^3=2*n^2+(n-1)^2-n
各等式全相加
n^3-1^3=2*(2^2+3^2+...+n^2)+[1^2+2^2+...+(n-1)^2]-(2+3+4+...+n)
=2*(1^2+2^2+3^2+...+n^2)-2+[1^2+2^2+...+(n-1)^2+n^2]-n^2-(2+3+4+...+n)
=3*(1^2+2^2+3^2+...+n^2)-2-n^2-(1+2+3+...+n)+1
=3(1^2+2^2+...+n^2)-1-n^2-n(n+1)/2
整理
3(1^2+2^2+...+n^2)=n^3+n^2+n(n+1)/2=(n/2)(2n^2+2n+n+1)
=(n/2)(n+1)(2n+1)
所以1^2+2^2+3^2+...+n^2=n(n+1)(2n+1)/6
再推导1^3+2^3+3^3+……+n^3=[n(n+1)/2]^2 
由(n+1)^4-n^4=[(n+1)^2+n^2][(n+1)^2-n^2]
=(2n^2+2n+1)(2n+1)
=4n^3+6n^2+4n+1
得
2^4-1^4=4*1^3+6*1^2+4*1+1
3^4-2^4=4*2^3+6*2^2+4*2+1
4^4-3^4=4*3^3+6*3^2+4*3+1
.
(n+1)^4-n^4=4*n^3+6*n^2+4*n+1
各式相加有
(n+1)^4-1=4*(1^3+2^3+3^3...+n^3)+6*(1^2+2^2+...+n^2)+4*(1+2+3+...+n)+n
整理后
4*(1^3+2^3+3^3+...+n^3)=(n+1)^4-1+6*[n(n+1)(2n+1)/6]+4*[(1+n)n/2]+n
=[n(n+1)]^2 
进而1^3+2^3+...+n^3=[n(n+1)/2]^2