Question

高分悬赏准确翻译

Product modification:
It is normal for a product to be changed several times during its life. Certainly, a product should be equal or superior to those of principal competitors. If a change can provide superior satisfaction and win more initial buyers and switchers from other brands, then a change is probably warranted. 'let the decision should not be approached in a haphazard manner. There are definite risks. For example, a dramatic increase in product quality might price the existing target consumer out of the market, or it might cause him/her to perceive the product as being too good. Similarly, the removal of a particular product feature might be the one characteristic of the product considered most important by a market segment. A key question the marketer must answer before modifying the product is what particular attributes of the product and competing products are perceived as most important by the consumer. Factors such as quality, fuctions, price, services, design, packaging, and warranty may all be determinants. This evaluative process requires the product manager to arrange for marketing research studies to learn of improvements buyers might want, evaluate the market reception given to the competitors' improvements, and evaluate improvements that have been developed within the company. Also required is a relationship with the product research and development (R&D) department. Ideally, R&D should be able to respond quickly to the marketing department's request for product upgrading and should maintain ongoing programs of product improvement and cost reduction. Even suppliers and distributors should be encouraged to submit suggestions.

Product positioning is a strategic management decision that determines the place a product should occupy in a given market-its market niche. Given this context, the word "positioning" includes seveml of the common meanings of position: a place (what place does the product occupy in its market?), a rank (how does the product fare against its competitors in various evaluative dimensions?), a mental att itude (what are consumer attitudes?), and a strategic process (what activities must be attempted in order to create the optimal product position?). Thus, positioning is both a concept and a process. The positioning process produces a position for the product, just as the segmentation process produces alternative market segments. Positioning can be applied to any type of pro duct at any stage of the lifecycle. Approac hes to positioning range from gathering sophisticated market research information on consumers' preferences and perceptions o~ brands to the intuition of the product manager or a member of his staff.

Answer 1

产品规划:
这是正常的产品都改变了好几次自己的生命。当然,产品应该等于或超过主要的竞争者。如果一个变化会提供优越的满意度和赢得更多的初始买家和切换器与其他商标的,然后改变可能是保障。“让这个决定不应以偶然的方式。有一定的风险。例如,一个显著增加现有产品质量可能价格的目标消费市场,或可能使他/她要看产品是太好。同样,去除一个特定的产品功能的特征之一可能是最重要的产品被认为是由一个细分市场。一个关键问题之前,卖方必须回答修改产品是什么特殊属性的产品和竞争的产品被看作是最重要的消费者。因素,如质量、功能、价格、服务、设计、包装、和保证都可以影响因素等方面的研究。该评价过程中需要产品经理安排市场调查研究学会的改进,评估买家可以接待了市场竞争对手的改进,以及进展评估中制订的公司。也需要的关系,产品的研究与开发(R&D)部门。最理想的情况是,研发应该能够快速反应到行销部门的要求产品升级,应该保持持续的程序的产品改善计划和降低成本。即使供应商和经销商应鼓励学生提交建议。

产品定位是一种战略管理决策,决定产品应占据的地方在一个特定的market-its市场利基。给予这些背景,这个词“定位”,包括seveml常见的意义的位置:场所(处于什么地位产品占领市场,等级(?)如何对阵其竞争对手的产品在不同的评价尺度?),精神att itude消费者(态度呢?),和战略过程(什么样的活动必须尝试过在创作中最优的产品职位?)。因此,定位既是一个概念和一个过程。定位过程产生一个位置上的产品,就像分段过程产生的另类市场的细分市场。定位可适用于任意类型的职业风管的任何阶段的生命周期。他Approac定位范围从收集复杂的市场调研资料对消费者的喜好和感知~阿品牌产品的直观的一员,或经理人员。