Question

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A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.
The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.
Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.
The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.
“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,” wrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.
Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.
“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施),” the authors wrote.
Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.
The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.
However, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic,” the authors concluded.

Answer 1

德国的一项研究表明,过于乐观的人实际上对他们的未来10年内面临更大的残疾或死亡风险比那些悲观主义者预计他们的未来更糟。
今年3月出版的论文在心理学和老化,大约40000名德国人的健康和福利调查研究年龄在18 - 96之间。调查从1993年到2003年每年进行。
受访者(受访者)被要求估计他们现在和未来的生活满意度在0到10的规模,以及其他问题。
研究人员发现,年轻的成年人(18岁到39岁都有)一直高估了他们未来的生活满意度,而中年人(40岁到64)更准确地预测在未来如何感觉。然而,65岁及以上的成年人更可能低估了他们未来的生活满意度。他们不仅比他们认为他们会觉得更满意,年长的悲观主义者似乎遭受比率越低(比率)的残疾和死亡。
“我们注意到,过于乐观的预测比实际观察到一个更好的未来与更大的残疾和死亡的风险更大的风险,在接下来的十年中,“写Frieder r·朗埃尔兰根大学的教授。
郎朗和他的同事们认为,悲观的人对他们的未来可能会更注意自己的行为比人们预期的一个美好的未来。
“看到一个黑暗的未来可能会鼓励积极评价的实际自我和可能有助于改善预防措施(预防措施),”作者写道。
令人惊讶的是,相比之下,那些收入较低,健康状况不佳或受访者享受良好的健康和收入与预期更大的下降有关。此外,研究人员说,高收入与残疾的风险更大。
该研究的作者指出,他们的结论有其局限性。疾病、医疗和个人损失也可以驱动的健康结果。
然而,研究人员说,一个模式是明确的。成年期,“我们发现,从早期到后期个体适应他们未来的生活满意度从预期乐观,准确,悲观,”作者总结道。

Answer 2

德国的一项研究表明，那些太过乐观未来真的面临的残疾或死亡的风险更大的在10年比那些悲观主义者预计未来会更糟。论文发表在今年3月，在心理学和老化，检查健康，从大约40000岁之间的18和96的德国人福利调查。该调查是从1993到2003，每年进行一次。（受访者）的受访者被要求估计当前和未来的生活满意度在0到10之间，其他的问题。研究人员发现，年轻的成年人（年龄18至39）一直高估了他们未来的生活满意度，而中年人（40岁64）更准确地预测他们将如何在未来的感觉。65岁以上的成年人，然而，更可能低估了他们未来的生活满意度。他们不仅觉得比他们认为他们会更满意，年长的悲观主义者似乎遭受低比例（比率）为研究期间，残疾和死亡。“我们观察到，在一个更好的未来比实际观测到的是一个更大的残疾的风险和更大的死亡风险在接下来的十年相关预测过于乐观，”弗里德·朗，一个大学教授的erlangen-nuremberg.lang和他的同事们认为，他们对未来的悲观的人可能会对自己的行为的人比预期的乐观的前景更加小心。”看到一个黑暗的未来可能会鼓励对现实自我肯定的评价，可能有助于预防措施以改进（预防措施），”作者写道。令人惊讶的是，那些健康状况不佳或有低收入相比，享有良好的健康和收入预期更大的下降相关的受访者。同时，研究者们说，更高的收入，是一个更大的残疾的风险相关。这项研究的作者指出，有他们的结论的局限性。疾病，医疗和个人的损失，也可以驱动的健康结果。然而，研究人员说，图案清晰。“我们发现，从早期到晚期的成年个体适应他们，从乐观的，准确的，未来的生活满意度预期悲观，”作者总结。翻译不正确取消