Question

高分在线等~求高手翻译下面这两段英文~

With trade in industrial products between the EU and the CEECs now essentially
free of tariff and non-tariff restrictions, the principal impact of accession to the EU
on trade flows will be through access to the Single Market of the EU. A key element
of this will be the removal of technical barriers to trade. In this paper we try and
highlight the importance of technical barriers to trade between the EU and the
various CEECs, distinguishing sectors according to the different approaches to the
removal of these barriers in the EU: mutual recognition, detailed harmonisation
(old approach) and minimum requirements (new approach). We utilise two sources of information on technical regulations: a sectoral classification from a previous study of the impact of the Single Market and our own detailed translation of EU product related directives into the relevant tariff codes. The analysis suggests that the importance of technical barriers varies considerably across the CEECs. The adjustment implications of access to the Single Market are likely to be greatest for those most advanced in their accession negotiations.
It is apparent from Figure 2b that the products of sectors subject to new approach
directives form a larger share of EU imports from the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia than of average EU imports from existing member states. For other CEECs such as Romania and Bulgaria, the share of new approach
products does not differ substantially from that of EU member states such as France and the Netherlands. Mutual recognition sectors, such as, knitting and clothing industries, are particularly important in EU imports from the Balkan countries and Lithuania whilst they comprise a relatively small share of imports from the Czech Republic and Slovenia. Sectors where technical barriers are not significant are a relatively high share of EU imports from the Balkan and Baltic states but are much less important for Hungary, Slovenia and Slovakia. Again, the figures reinforce the conclusion of considerable diversity amongst the CEECs of the importance of sectors subject to technical regulations and of the share of sectors subject to the different approaches to the removal of technical barriers in the EU.

Answer 1

With trade in industrial products between the EU and the CEECs now essentially free of tariff and non-tariff restrictions, the principal impact of accession to the EU on trade flows will be through access to the Single Market of the EU. A key element of this will be the removal of technical barriers to trade. In this paper we try and highlight the importance of technical barriers to trade between the EU and the various CEECs, distinguishing sectors according to the different approaches to the removal of these barriers in the EU: mutual recognition, detailed harmonization (old approach) and minimum requirements (new approach).
如今随着欧盟与中东欧国家之间的工业产品贸易在本质上已不受关税与非关税的限制，主要影响进入欧盟贸易流通的是通过进入欧盟内部的单一市场。其中一个关键因素就是清除技术性贸易壁垒。我们试图在本文中强调技术性贸易壁垒在欧盟与中东欧国家之间的重要性，根据清除这些欧盟壁垒的不同方式来识别行业领域；这些方式包括：相互承认、细致调谐（旧方式）以及最低要求（新方式）。

We utilise two sources of information on technical regulations: a sectoral classification from a previous study of the impact of the Single Market and our own detailed translation of EU product related directives into the relevant tariff codes. The analysis suggests that the importance of technical barriers varies considerably across the CEECs. The adjustment implications of access to the Single Market are likely to be greatest for those most advanced in their accession negotiations.
我们利用两组技术规范的信息来源：一组是针对单一市场影响的以前研究里的一个行业领域分类，另一组是我们将有关产品的欧盟指令对相关关税代码的详细解读。我们的分析显示，这些中东欧国家对技术性壁垒的重要性具有相当大的差异；而进入单一市场所涉及的调整力度最大的是那些最精通加盟谈判的国家。

It is apparent from Figure 2b that the products of sectors subject to new approach directives form a larger share of EU imports from the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia than of average EU imports from existing member states. For other CEECs such as Romania and Bulgaria, the share of new approach products does not differ substantially from that of EU member states such as France and the Netherlands.
从图2b 可以明显看出，按新方式指令的行业产品的构成，欧盟从捷克、斯洛文尼亚、波兰、匈牙利及斯洛伐克的进口要比从现有欧盟国的平均进口占有较大的份额。其他中东欧国家如罗马尼亚和保加利亚，按新方式产品进口的份额与其他欧盟国如法国与荷兰无多大差别。

Mutual recognition sectors, such as, knitting and clothing industries, are particularly important in EU imports from the Balkan countries and Lithuania whilst they comprise a relatively small share of imports from the Czech Republic and Slovenia. Sectors where technical barriers are not significant are a relatively high share of EU imports from the Balkan and Baltic states but are much less important for Hungary, Slovenia and Slovakia. Again, the figures reinforce the conclusion of considerable diversity amongst the CEECs of the importance of sectors subject to technical regulations and of the share of sectors subject to the different approaches to the removal of technical barriers in the EU.
在相互承认的领域，如针织和服装行业，欧盟从巴尔干国家和立陶宛的进口尤为重要；而来自捷克和斯洛文尼亚的进口只占相对的小份额。受技术性壁垒影响不大的行业领域，欧盟的进口很大部分是来自巴尔干及波罗的海国家，对于匈牙利、斯洛文尼亚及斯洛伐克则不甚重要。这些数据再次强化以下结论：中东欧国家之间，受技术规范的行业领域的重要性，以及通过不同方式清除欧盟技术性壁垒的行业领域所占的份额，都有相当大的差异。

【英语牛人团】

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多谢！我有其他好几段翻译需要修改，您有空帮我改一下吗？

Answer 2

在工业产品与贸易之间现在欧盟和中国CEECs基本要素
免费的关税和非关税限制的影响,校长加入欧盟
在贸易流动,将通过访问的单一市场的欧盟。一个关键的因素
这将会去除的技术性贸易壁垒的贸易。在本文中,我们尝试
提示要重视技术性贸易壁垒的欧盟和中国之间的贸易
各种CEECs部门根据,区分不同的方法去解决 很明显,这批产品从图2b行业受到的新方法
指令形成较大的份额的欧盟进口来自捷克共和国,斯洛文尼亚,波兰,匈牙利,和斯洛伐克的平均比欧盟进口从现有的成员国。如对其他CEECs罗马尼亚和保加利亚来说,其所分享的新方法
产品不存在显著不同,欧盟的成员国,如法国和荷兰。相互识别的行业,如、针织、服装行业,是部分

Answer 3

在工业产品与贸易之间现在欧盟和中国CEECs基本要素

免费的关税和非关税限制的影响,校长加入欧盟

在贸易流动,将通过访问的单一市场的欧盟。一个关键的因素

这将会去除的技术性贸易壁垒的贸易。在本文中,我们尝试

提示要重视技术性贸易壁垒的欧盟和中国之间的贸易

各种CEECs部门根据,区分不同的方法去解决

去除这些障碍在欧盟:相互承认,详细的协调

(老途径)和最小的需求(新方法)。我们利用两种来源的信息技术法规:部门分类从此前的一项研究的影响和我们自己的详细的单一市场的欧盟的产品相关的指令翻译成有关关税的编码。分析表明,技术性贸易壁垒的重要性在CEECs相差很大。调整的影响进入单一市场很可能是最大的为那些最先进的在他们加入世贸组织的谈判。

很明显,这批产品从图2b行业受到的新方法

指令形成较大的份额的欧盟进口来自捷克共和国,斯洛文尼亚,波兰,匈牙利,和斯洛伐克的平均比欧盟进口从现有的成员国。如对其他CEECs罗马尼亚和保加利亚来说,其所分享的新方法

产品不存在显著不同,欧盟的成员国,如法国和荷兰。相互识别的行业,如、针织、服装行业,是特别重要的,在欧盟的进口从巴尔干国家和立陶宛虽然他们组成了一个相对小的进口份额从捷克斯洛伐克和斯洛文尼亚。领域技术性贸易壁垒是没有意义的是一个相对较高的份额从巴尔干欧盟进口和波罗的海国家,但它们不太重要的匈牙利、斯洛文尼亚和斯洛伐克。再说一次,这是加强结论相当大的数字在CEECs多样性的重要性受到技术法规和部门的份额的行业受到的不同方法以去除的技术性贸易壁垒在欧盟。

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