Question

希望英文较好的人能帮忙翻译下，关于化学的，如果是翻译软件就不用麻烦了，十分感激

Major efforts have been made in trying to manage the nitrification process to mitigate the environmental impacts resulting from NO3− leaching and N2O emissions. One of the new technologies that have been developed for grazed
grassland is the use of nitrification inhibitors, such as dicyandiamide (DCD), to treat grazed pasture soil to inhibit the nitrification process and thus reduce NO3− leaching and N2O emissions (e.g., Di and Cameron 2002b; Di et al 2007). The nitrification inhibitor DCD inhibits the ammonium oxidation by deactivating the ammonia monooxygenase(AMO) enzyme of the AOB, making it ineffective for ammonia oxidation (Amberger 1989). Recent research has shown that DCD was highly effective in reducing NO3− leaching and N2O emissions in a range of grazed grassland soils and under different environmental conditions (e.g., D and Cameron 2007;Dietal. 2007;Shepherdetal. 2009;Det al. 2009b, 2010a).

Another nitrification inhibitor which has been made available is DMPP (3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate) (Zerulla et al. 2001). DMPP has been shown to be effective in reducing NO3− leaching and N2O emissions when coated with N fertilizers in cropping systems (Zerulla et al. 2001; Pasda et al. 2001;Weiskeetal. 2001; Hatch et al. 2005). However, its effectiveness in nitrification inhibition when applied to grazed pasture to treat animal urine patches containing large amounts of N is unknown.

Answer 1

目前已经在控制硝化过程做了很大努力，目的是减缓NO3的浸洗和NO2的排放对环境的冲击。针对无人放牧的牧场发展的一种新型技术是用硝化抑制剂，例如双氰胺。把双氰胺加到无人放牧的牧场土壤中，以抑制硝化过程并且减少NO3的浸洗和NO2的排放。这种抑制剂通过使氨的氧化细菌的氨单氧化酶无效用来抑制胺氧化，使胺氧化无效。近来的研究表明双氰胺在一系列无人放牧的牧场和不同的环境条件下都能有效地减少NO3的浸洗和NO2的排放。
另外一种可用的硝化抑制剂是二甲基吡咗磷酸盐。二甲基吡咗磷酸盐在耕种时涂有含N的肥料会有效地减少NO3的浸洗和NO2的排放。然而当它应用于无人放牧的牧场去治理含有大量氮的动物尿液的土地时，它的硝化抑制效果却是不知道的。