Question

哪位大哥帮忙翻译（英译汉）

The bullwhip effect represents the information distortion in customer demand between orders to supplier and sales to the buyer. The bullwhip effect is not only observed in traditional supply chains but also in e-commerce-based situations. Demand forecasting accuracy or inaccuracy is one of the main causes of the bullwhip effect in both these environments. The purpose of the paper, “The Role of Forecasting on Bullwhip Effect for E-SCM Applications”, by Bayraktar, Koh, Gunasekaran, Sari and Tatoglu is to analyze the impact of exponential smoothing forecasts on the bullwhip effect for electronic supply chain management (E-SCM) applications. They develop a simulation model to experiment the different scenarios of selecting right parameters for an exponential smoothing forecasting technique. It is found that longer lead times and poor selection of forecasting model parameters lead to a strong bullwhip effect in E-SCM. In contrast, and rather surprisingly, increased seasonality helps to reduce the bullwhip effect. The most significant managerial implication of this study lies in the need to reduce lead times along the E-supply chain to mitigate the bullwhip effect. While high seasonality would reduce the forecast accuracy, it has a positive influence on the reduction of bullwhip effect. E-SCM managers are therefore strongly suggested to utilize exponential smoothing by selecting lower values for and β smoothing constants and a mid-value for γ to keep the bullwhip ratio low, while at the same time to increase forecast accuracy.
The paper, “An Expanded Model of Logistics Service Quality: Incorporating Logistics Information Technology”, by Bienstock, Royne, Sherrell and Stafford discusses recent developments in understanding and measuring logistics service quality and incorporates a framework, the technology acceptance model (TAM), to assess logistics information technology use and acceptance as an essential component of an expanded model of logistics service quality (LSQ). The results of their empirical test of the expanded model of LSQ provide an interesting contrast to earlier TAM research with respect to the relationship of the two main TAM constructs of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness (PU) of information technology with intentions to use information technology tools. Although previous TAM research has demonstrated PU as the stronger of the two constructs, their results provide evidence of approximately equal relationships between these two constructs and intentions to use information technology tools. Theoretical and managerial implications of these and other findings are discussed, along with suggestions for future research in this important area.

Answer 1

牛鞭效应，代表了信息失真的客户需求之间的命令，以供应商和销售给买方。牛鞭效应不仅是观察，在传统的供应链，而且在电子商贸为基础的情况。需求预测的准确性或不准确的，是其中一个主要的原因，牛鞭效应在这两个环境。该文件的目的，作用“的预测，牛鞭效应的电子商务供应链管理应用” ，由的Bayraktar ，氢氧化钾， gunasekaran ，纱丽和tatoglu是分析的影响，指数平滑预测，对牛鞭效应的电子供应链管理（电子商务供应链管理）应用。他们开发的仿真模型，以实验的不同情况选择正确的参数为一指数平滑预测技术。这是发现较长的交货时间和穷人的选择预测模型的参数会导致强烈的牛鞭效应的电子供应链管理。相反的，而奇怪的是，增加的季节性因素有助于减少牛鞭效应。最显着的管理的含义这项研究的关键在需要减少铅的时代，沿电子化供应链，以减轻牛鞭效应。而高的季节性因素将减少的预测的准确性，它有一个正面的影响，减少牛鞭效应。电子商务供应链管理经理，因此强烈建议利用指数平滑选择较低值和β平滑常数和一中值为γ保持牛鞭的比例低，而在同一时间内，以增加预测的准确性。
文件， “扩大模型的物流服务质量：把物流信息技术” ，由bienstock ， royne ， sherrell和斯塔福德讨论最近的事态发展在认识和衡量物流服务的质量和纳入一个框架，科技接受模式（谭） ，评估物流信息技术的使用和接受，作为一个必不可少的组成部分扩大模型的物流服务质量（ lsq ） 。结果他们的实证检验扩大模型lsq提供了一个有趣的对比，刚才谭研究与尊重的关系的两个主要谭建构知觉易用性和有用知觉（普）信息技术与意图利用信息技术工具。虽然先前的谭研究表明普作为强大的两个构造，其结果提供的证据，大约有平等的关系在这两者之间的建构与意图利用信息技术工具。理论和管理的影响，这些和其他的调查结果，讨论了，随着建议，为今后的研究在这一重要领域。