Question

英语翻译！高悬赏！

African cultures provide a number of examples. The Baganda of East Africa use the word obugezi to refer to a combination of mental and social skills that make a person steady, cautious, and friendly. The Djerma-Songhai in West Africa use the term akkal, which has an even broader meaning – a combination of intelligence, know-how, and social skills. Still another society, the Baoule, uses the term n’glouele, which describes children who are not only mentally alert but also willing to volunteer their services without being asked.

[4] Because of the enormous differences in the ways cultures define intelligence, it is difficult to make valid comparisons from one society to another. That is, different cultures value different traits (their definition of “intelligence”) and have divergent views concerning which traits are useful in predicting future important behaviors (also culturally defined). People in different cultures not only disagree about what constitutes intelligence but also about the proper way to demonstrate those abilities. In mainstream North American society, individuals are typically rewarded for displaying knowledge and skills. This same behavior may be considered improper, arrogant, or rude in societies that stress personal relationships, cooperation, and modesty.

Answer 1

African cultures provide a number of examples. The Baganda of East Africa use the word obugezi to refer to a combination of mental and social skills that make a person steady, cautious, and friendly. The Djerma-Songhai in West Africa use the term akkal, which has an even broader meaning – a combination of intelligence, know-how, and social skills. Still another society, the Baoule, uses the term n’glouele, which describes children who are not only mentally alert but also willing to volunteer their services without being asked.
[4] Because of the enormous differences in the ways cultures define intelligence, it is difficult to make valid comparisons from one society to another. That is, different cultures value different traits (their definition of “intelligence”) and have divergent views concerning which traits are useful in predicting future important behaviors (also culturally defined). People in different cultures not only disagree about what constitutes intelligence but also about the proper way to demonstrate those abilities. In mainstream North American society, individuals are typically rewarded for displaying knowledge and skills. This same behavior may be considered improper, arrogant, or rude in societies that stress personal relationships, cooperation, and modesty.
非洲文化提供了一些例子。东非巴基斯坦使用“obugezi”这个词，指的是一种使人稳定，谨慎和友善的精神和社会技能的结合。西非的Djerma-Songhai使用的术语“akkal”具有更广泛的意义 - 结合智力，诀窍和社交技能。另一个社会，Baoule，使用n'glouele这个词，它描述了不仅有心理警戒但也愿意志愿服务而不被问到的孩子。
[4]由于文化定义情报的方式存在巨大差异，难以从一个社会进行有效的比较。也就是说，不同的文化评价不同的特质（他们对“情报”的定义），并且对于哪些特征对于预测未来的重要行为（也是文化定义）有用的意见有不同的看法。不同文化的人们不仅不同意什么是智慧，而且也是对正确的表现能力的方式。在北美主流社会，个人通常被奖励来显示知识和技能。在强调个人关系，合作和谦虚的社会中，同样的行为可能被认为是不当的，傲慢的或粗鲁的。